Resolution No. 3089
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RESOLUTION NO. 3089
2 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF VERNON"ADOPTING ,
ESTABLISHING, AND PROMULGATING WARRANTS TO BE USED AS GUIDE. LINES
3 FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROTECTING STUDENTS GOING TO AND FROM SCHOOL,
AND FOR THE PLACEMENT OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES NEAR SCHOOLS.
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5 THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF VERNON RESOLVES AS FOLLOWS:
6 WHEREAS, there has been passed by the California Legis-
7 lature, Assembly Bill 1907 dealing with school pedestrian safety,
a and
9 WHEREA&i '. in the opinion of the Ci ty Council ,of the City
10 of Vernon, the problem of school pedestrian safety is jointly the
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11 responsibilitY' ot papents, school organizations, law enforcement
12 agenqi.,elS, anq.. local government, as well as the responsibility of
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13 drivers and pedestrians, and
14. WHEREAS, in the opinion of the City Council of the City
15 of Vernon the active and physical participation of all who are.
16 morally and legally responsible for pedestrians' safety should
17 be involved in the proposed solutions of the problem of.providing
18 safe passage tor school pedestrians.
19 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED:
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SECTION 1: The following policies, attached hereto and
21 incorporated attl;lis point by reference for all purposes as if
:22 set forth in full, relative to but not limited to the.following
23 subjects are adopted as the official policies of the €~ty of
24 Vernon relating to school pedestrian safety:
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1. Safety Advisory Commi t.tees.
2. Signs and markings.
3. Flashing yellow school signal.
4. School area traffic signal controls.
5. School safety patrol.
6. Ad~lt crossing guards.
7.Pe~estrianseparation structures.
8. Pedestrian walkways.
9. School area parking and loading controls.
10. Student transportation.
SECTION 2: That the City Clerk of the City of Vernon
32 shall certify to the passage of this resolution, and thereupon
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.1 and thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect.
2 ADOPTED and APPROVED this 7th day of April, 1970.
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-.- .-~1e~er, T y Clerk .
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~ I, F. A. ZIEMER, City Clerk of the City of Vernon, do
STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
) ss.
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES )
5 hereby certify ~hatthe foregoing resolution, being Resolu~ion
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No. 3089
, was duly adopted by the City Council of the City of
7 Vernon, and approved by the-Mayor of said City, at a regular
8 meeting of the City Council held on April 7, 1970
~ty
Clerk
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.1 CALIFORNIA TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES CQMKITTEE
2 SCHOOL SAFETY ADVISORY COMMITTEES AND APPEALS COMMITTEES
3 POLICY
4 There is need to provide in each school district an
5 rganization by means of which the school district can be responsi-
6 involved in and by means of which requests for safety controls
7 action may be coordinated within and between t.he public and
8 public agenc.ies concerned with the safety of children on their
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to and from;;school. This measure is a supplemental technique
10 not a traffic control device as defined in the cali.fornia
11 Code.
12 In order to provide a responsible organizational structur
13 policy of the City Council of the City of vernon to en-
14 Qurage the school district within the geographic limits<of its
15 'urisdiction to: (1) assign traffic safety responsibilities for
16 chool' children to a competent staff member and/or, (2) organize a
17 chool safety advisory committee to appropriately and adequately
18 erve the needs of each public and/or private school. Each staff
19 ember and/or safety advisory committee may serve the needs of the
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21 When the advisory committee structure is used the com-
~2 should be composed of governmental and school district
23 uthorities who have the responsilility and authority to initiate
24 provide programs and projects.
25 Representatives from the city and/or county Superintenden
School's office should be the official members. Advisors should
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27 'ncluderepresentatives of the local or area safety Council,
ppropri.tEt\cityand/or county traffic engineers, police,Highway
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trolalid local, council, or district Parent Teacher Association
epresentatives. Other advisors should be added as the need arises.
1. GENERAL
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The duties of staff members and/or each cOmmittee
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should be to guide and coordinate all activities connected with
the school traffic safety program. These include the following:
.a. Establish policies and procedures.
,'j b. Review and approve the various phases of the
,! school traffic safety program.
c. Receive, review and hanc;lle complaints and requests.
d. E~tabli,sh recommended priorities for proposed
im:,rovement;projects.
e. Promote good public relations.
f. Take immediate action through appropriate responsi-
ble agencies to correct emergency school traffic
safety problems.
g.. "The County Superintendent of Schools' office
should coordinate w:tth all safety committees to
establish uniform practices of school pedestrian
safety throughout the County.
2. SCHOOL RESPONSIBILITY
The school should develop a suggested "Safest
Route to School" plan. The "Suggested Safest Route to School" is
defined as a plan developed by the school and traffic salety
officials responsible for school pedestrian safety. It consists
of a simple map showing streets, the school, existing traffic
controls and e~tablishedschool routes to be used by children
enroute to and from school.
a. The plan should be designed to provide a maximum
of protection for the children. It should take
advantage of existing traffic controls, and the
children should be required to walk somewhat
longer distances to avoid locations that may be
a considered risk.
b. School children should be instructed by the schools
and parents on the suggested.use and purpose of
the ttSafest Route to School'tplan. The "Safest
Route to School tt plan need not be limi ted to. .
strictly school use but should be encourages for
all pedestrial travel.
c. Frequent field checks should be made to determine
whether the suggested ttSafestRoutes" are being
properly used. Special-attention should be
given to unsafe activities of schoolchildren,
failure to use' the routes, need for speed limit
enforcement, trimming of weeks, treesor,,pushes
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tha.t obscure Vl.Sl.on. Special arrangements should
be made to keep pavement markings in good legible
condition. Additionally, review and recommend
improvements for the loading and unloading of
students from buses and private vehicles, and
parking problems should be made known to the
school administration.
d. Thettsafest route to school" plan should be reviewed
by the school annually to determine the need for
revision and updating.
7 Problems about pedestrian safety on the approaches to the
8 school raised by parents and others shall be referred to th.e local
9 principal for review and transmission to the appropriate staff
10 person or when appropriate to the school safety advisory committee
11 chairman. Public agencies who must be involved shall be contactE:)d
12 by the school administration or by the school district in tho~~
13 cases where financial participation by the school district is
14 necessary in the solution.
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3. ROAD TRAFFIC AGENCY RESPONSIBILITY
16 During the development of the "safest route to schoolt
17 plan there will be circumstances which will require a route to
18 cross a major st;re~tor other traffic hazard. At these locations
19 the Road" Traf,;fic Agency will apply a miform procedureo,f st1.l(lyand
20 analy;sis so tl1at it,will be possible to make recommend~tions and
21 assign priorities~fbr the application of traffic cont~ol devices.
~2 The analysis of the need for some form of special protestion
23 school crossing depends upon the following two assumptions:
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a. The maximum delay a child should be expected to
accept should be no greater than thatwhie.lJ,,"wOlJ.ld
be experienced if a traffic control signal; timed
so as to provide an adequa,te crossing interval,
were located at the crossing under study.
b. Some form of device is essential when the number
of adequate gaps in the traffic stream during thE)
period the .children are using the crossw:a:J,kis,
less than the number of minutes in that same "
period of time. That is, gaps less frequent than
one yer minute represent a situation that may
require some form of warning' or control device or
measure.
Information developed from field studies and.measured
against the various traffic control device warran.tswill"d.etermine
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.1 the type of protective measure that will be physically installed
2 or established at the crossing. Generally, the policy for the
3 installation of these devices is as follows:
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a. School pedestrian non-control measures
1., Type available
Signs and markings
Flashing Signals
Pedestrian Walkways
Variable SPeed Zones
2. The above devices will be installed at those
school locations wherein the conditions of
traffic, i. e., speed, volume, street width,
and vehicle gap, having been reviewed by.an
engineering survey, are found to:
a. Produce frequent and adequate vehicle
gaps such that pedestrians may safely cross
the street without additional controls being
present.
b. The unobstructed sight distance to the
crosswalk is more than that shown for speeds
indicated:
25 mph
30 mph
35 mph
40 mph
170 feet.
200 feet
235 feet
275 feet
b. School pedestrian traffic control measures and devic s
(1) Types available:
(2)
Adult crossing guard
Pedestrian grade separation
School safety patrol
Separated walkways
stop intersection
Traffic signal system
Transportation
The foregoing control measures and 4evices are
to be considered when the conditions of traffic
exceed those conditions listed under,warning
devices (non-control measures). .
4. CITY OR COUNTY PEDESTRIAN SAFETY APPEALS CODITTEE
27 A special school pedestrian safety committee may be
28 organized as 'an appeals ,committee to review and recommend a COU2'lSe
29 of action for special school problems that canno't be resolved
30 through established procedures. This committee would be per-
51 manently constituted by the City Councilor Board of Supervisors
32 and sha.l.1:.:.meeton call .bf its chairman. This committee would. be
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separate and distinct from the school 'safety advisory committees.
Its,:eunetion;will be to act as an "appeals committee" to review
problems that cannot be solved through established proceduJ'esand
to recommend>l!lct.1on:~lp the Ci tyCouncil or BOard of Supervisors.
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Membershfp 'shOtlId be. "compose<1 of a representative from:
a. 91 ty o,r oGounty safety Advisory Committee
b.' City; or County Superintendent's of Schools office
c. Police Agency (Traffic)
d. District or council PTA (appropriate parent group)
,e. C().pn~y'School Administrators As.sociation
f. Traffic Engineering Agency
g. Automobile Club
h. Safety Council
i. County Sheriff
J. Others as necessary
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CALIFORNIA TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES COMMITTEE
SIGNS AND MARKINGS
POLICY
.1. SIGNS - GENERAL
5 All traffic ,signs used at schools, school crossing,.
6 crossings used by school children shall be of perm.an~nt type and
7in confirmance with the design specifications of the Department of
8 Public Works, state of California, as published in the state of
9 California Division of Highways' Planning Manual, Part 8 - Traffic
10 Non uniform signs are prohibited and shall not be installed.
11 Portabl$'}SignS are not permitted within the roadway at any time.
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Whenever a divided highway has a center median of
'13 · stul,ficient width, signs should be located in the median as well
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Use sign in advance of all schQ()l~ w'here .
the school or theschQol groundsa:re
contig\lous to the highway,. except where
pedestrians ,are excluded frolll.,thehighway.
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'f:,
,2";'1 ~7:"~ARD s lGN~
a,... School Sign - W33 (TO establish a legal school
. zone)
{I) Policy
(2)
Location
Erect in advance of the school property,
boundary, crosswalk, or nearest polatof
access to. the school ground.
b. School Xing Sign - W66
(1) Policy
May be installed at crosswalks which ,are
used predominantly by school children
going to and from school.
(2) Loca tion
Erect in advance of the crosswalk.
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PAVEMENT MARKINGS ... GENERAL
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a. CrC)sswalks
Crosswalks shall be established only where
n.e<:essaryto safely 'channelize pedestrians
and shall consist.of two parallel l2-inch
wide stripes completely across the roadway.
Normally, these stripes should bea minimum
of ten feet apart.
Crosswalks should be marked at all intersections
on established safe routes to school where
there is material conflict between vehicles and
crossing by kindergarten and elementary students
or where students are permitted at mid-block
locations; or where they could not otherwise
recognize the proper place to croSs;
(1) Crosswalks Near Schools
The color of school crosswalks shall be
yellow when contiguous to school grounds
and1may be yellow if within 1400 feet of
the. .1 school grounds, as provided by the
cal1forniavehicle Code.
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(2) oth,r Crosswalks
Thelcolor of other marked pedestrian
cro~' swalks shall be white. . Pedestrian
cro swalks can be established near
sch ols for student training purposes.
(3) sChtol Crosswalks with safety Patrols
Theistandard school pavement markings
sha~l be established at..every location
whe*e an official school patrol is in
ope~ation and shall in.clude a limit line
in ~dvance of the school crosswalk.
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b. Limit Li,es
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Limit liIiles shall be paintedwhi te a.nd shall
be not b~ss than 12 inches wide. Certain
jurisdic~ions may elect to use the same color
as the cfosswalk.
c. Legends i
(1) ttSLOW SCHOOL XING" Legend
The pavement marking legend "SLOW SCHOOL
XING" is required in advance of all SCb()c:>l
crosswalks, except in advance of a stop
sign, yield sign, or traffic signal. The
legend shall be in each approach laneo~
lanes, and the word "X1NGtt shall be at
least 100 feet from the crosswalk.
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(2) "SCHOOL" Legend
Yellow school legend may be used to
augment the' standard school sign.
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CALIFORNIA TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES COMMITTEE
FLASHING YELLOW SCHOOL SIGNAL
POLICY
FLASHING SIGNALS
1. GENERAL
The use of yellow flashing signals will be limited
to functions of advance warning and will not be used to control
traffic at school crossings. They maybe installed only at
locations where school signing and marking is warranted.
The governing board of any school district shall
initiate the request for a flashin~signal installation in
accordanGe with Section 21367 of the california Vehicle Code.
2. WARRANTS
The installation of a flashing I yellow signal may be
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warranted as an advance warning device for a! school c:ro~sing under
the following conditions:
a. That.the school crossi.ng is located on the
suggested safest route and there are at least
40 school-age pedestrians~uring .each of anY
two hours at an uncontrolled intersection or
mid-block 10ca.tion at least: 600 feet from the
near'est controlled crossin~. (The definition
of,'a,c.ontrolled crossing is one at which stop
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s,i-gns~>traffic signals or adult guardS are
:ruA~tioning.) ,
b. The vehicular volume at the crossing exceeds
200 vehicles perbour for urban conditions or
140 vehicles per hour :i:nrp.ral area. duringtbe
times children are going'tp and froJll school for
anY'purpos.e. A flasingyetllow signal sha,ll
operate only when a school crossing problem
exists (going to and from school ur during
sp~eia.l events),iand <such signal shall be
coritrolled bya time clock or actuated by a
pusb....buttc)I). or key. . In additiol1, at. least
one of the following"'willalways be required:
(1) The'critical approach speed of traffie
exceeds 35.miles per ,hour.
(2) Approach visibility ~f the crossing is
permanently restrict~d to less than the
required safe stopping sight distance
for the prevailing speed of tx:affic.
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Critical Approacp. speed
30 mph
40 mph
50 mph
Requ!redSafeStopping
Sight. Distance .
200 ft.
275 ft.
350 ft.
.1 CALIFOIlN',;J:A .TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES COMMITTEE
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2 SCHOOL AREA TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROLS
3 POLICY
4 TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL- GENERAL
5 When correctly designed and ope:rated the traffic signal
6 is an effective device for alternately assigning the right of way
7 at an intersection. It can accomplish its purpose of promoting
8 the safe and orderly movement of traffic, both vehicular and
9 pedestrian. Contrary to common belief, however, signal control
10 does not automatically reduce delay and increase safety~ Their
11 indiscriminate application cannot be recommended since unjustified
12 ill-advised signal .controlS lead to intentional violation, in-
13 creased:hazard, unnecessary delay and diversion to less desirable
14 .alternate routes.
15 WARRANTS FOR SCHOOL AREA SIGNALS:
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When it becomes necessary to extend or create adequate
17 gaps in the flow of traffic to permit pedestrian crossing oppor-
18 tunities and no other controlled crossing is available within
19 600 feet, signals shall be insta.lled when the following warrants
20 are met:
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(a> Urban Conditions
:a2 500 vehicles and 100 school-age pedestrians for each
23 of any two hours daily while children are crossing to or from
24 school; or
25 500 vehicles per hour for each of any two hours while
26 children are crossing to or from school, and a minimum total of
27 50.0 school-age pedestrians during the entire day.
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(b) Rural Conditions (70% of Urban Warrants)
29 350 vehicle~ and 70 school-age pedestrians per hour
30 during each of any two 'hours daily while children ar.e going to
31 and from sc1l:,ooli"', 0:1:' ,
32 350 vehicles per hour for each of any two hours while
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chil.drenare crossing to or from school and a minimum total of
350 school-age" pedestrians during the entire day.
When critical approach speed exceeds 40 mph or approach
visibility is less than the required safe stopping sight di.stance
for prevailing..critical sI,?eed, rural warrants should be applied.
Additional.factors that must be considered when. traffic
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signals aretil1;;ta).U:ld,~,at'school crossings:
1.
A~'no't:i.me shall the traffic signal be dark.
Pedestrian "walk ,- don't wa,lk" s.~,f!fnals shall be' ex-
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hibited on all Crosswalks at traffic signals that are on the
saf.est route to schooL.
3.
Tra:ffic;.s:tgnals may be at mid-block locations when
13 justified by.unusua'-. circun16;ta.nces.
14 4. In the event an intersection is signalized under this
15 warrant for school pedestrians only, the entire intersection must
16 be signalized to accommodate vehicular movements.
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5. Special exclusive pedestrian phases should be provided
18 when there is a material conflict of turning vehicles with
19 pedestriaBs.
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6.
Traffic signals placed under this warrant shall be
21 traffic actuated according to the design standards of the Uniform
~2 Manual on Traffic c.ontrol Devices.
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CALIFORNIA TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES COMMITTEE
SCHOOL SAFETY PATROL
POLICY
1. SCHOOL SAFETY PATROL... GENERAL
5 The school safety patrol has a definitepla~e asa
6 method to aid school-age pedestrian in crossing streets near
7 schools. This.measure is a supplemental technique and not a
8 traffic control device as defined in the California Vehicle COde.
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a. california AdJllinistrative COde, Title 5, Article 17.
Sec. 155. ESTABLISHMENT. The governing board of any
school district may, subject to these rules and regulations,
establish and maintain a <school safety patrol in any of the
schools of tbe district for the purpose ~f assisting pupils
of such school in safely crossing streets and highways
adjacent toior near suCh school.
a. The school. safety patrol shall be composed of
only pupils who are attending such school.
b. The members of the school safety patrol shall
beunp.er the supervision and control.of a
quali~i.,e<:lemployee of the school district.
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The;p.rincip~l of the scbool shall designate the
m.embersoftbe safety patrol, but no pupil shall
be designated to serve on any such patrol unless
the pup;i.land the ,person having legal custody
of such. pupil cons.ant in 'fir.! ting.
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d. Upon the revocation in writing of the consent of
either such pupilior. the person having legal
control of> such pupil, the pupil shall cease to
be a Ulember>of the school safety patrol.
e. No.. pupil in. aJ;1y gradeb~low the fifth shall
be~ome .. mellb,er o;fam}i school safety patrol.
f. The governing boards of schQol districts may
request the cooperation of the chief of police
in ..cities and the chief o.f the California Highway
patrol in unincorporated territories in the
establishment, supervision, and control of a
school safety patrol.
g. The governing board of a school district which
authorizes the establishment of a school safety
patrol may provide for adequate hospital and
medical' attention to care for any injury or
disability that may be suffered by any pupil
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while performing any act within and arJ.sJ.ng
out of his duties as a member of a sCllool safety
patrOl." NO. pqpil ~hall be compelled to accept
such services if his parent or guardian objects.
Sec. 156. GENERA).:, DUTIES. The duties of each school
safety patrol are:
a. To assist the principal in instructing school
children in safe practices in their use of the
streets at all times.
b. To assist children of the school to cross the
streets safely at . specific time and place.
c. To emploY devices an.d signing authorized by
state law for control of pedestrians and warning
of traffic.
d. To operate within the law of the state as it
assigns right of way 'to pedestrians.
Sec. 157. WHERE SCHOOL SAFETY PATROLS MAY BE USED.
a. SChool safety patrols may be used only at those
locations where the nature of traffic will permit
their safe operation. The locations where school
safety patrols are used should be determined by
joint agreement between the local school district
and the local police agency.
Sec. 161. INSIGNIA AND UNIFORMS.
All insignia and uniforms purchased, donated, or
lent for the use of school safety patrols on or
after the effective date of this section must
comply with the specifications the~efore pre-
scribed by this subdivision.
2. WARRANTS
~2 A school safety patrol may be established at locations
23 where an existing traffic control device, police or adult crossing
24 is in operation or when there are vehicle gaps a.t an uncontrolled
25 crossing within the limits as defined below, and it is desirable
26 to use school safety patrols to guide the pedestrians. School
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safety patrols will not be established at any location without the
authorization of the governing board of the appropriate school
district.
The establishment of a school safety patrol operation at
those lqeatiQns .tIi.t.cross maintained roads shall be warranted
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under the.follbwing conditions;
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a. Tha,tthe school crossing locations in question
accommodates at least 20 school-age pedestrians
per hour, for one hour each morning and one hour
each afternoon, traveling to or from school; that
the 85 percentile ,vehicular speed is less than 35
m,ilesperhour; and that there are no more than
two traveled lanes in each direction. In addition,
the crossing, bas at least one vehicle time g.ap
equal to or exceeding the required pedestrian
crossin.g t,iIll.e each minute during an average five...
minute peri,od during the peak school. pedestrian
hour (average period to be determined from six
five-1\i:-nutesamples).
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3. SPECIAL. CONSIDERATIONS:
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9 Where warrants for flashing y(~ll(ilw) school signals are
10 met school safetypa-~;rol shall. not b~ope;r8'ted unless the flashing
11 signal is installed.
12 4. ACCEPTABLE GAPS DEFINED
1. Pedes~ri~n Crossing Time
(T)
T = Street width (curb to curb)
3.5 ,feet per second
2. Average Number' of Gaps Per 5-Minute Period ((1)
G - Total usable gap time in seconds (per 30 min.)
Pedestrian crossing time (T) x 6 periods
The above criterion is based ona 30 minute field
survey consisting of six 5-minute samples.
The usable gap time is computed as follows:
The gap is defined as the number of seconds it takes
one or more children to observe the traffic situation while
standing at a safe location on one side of a roadway and then to
cross the roadway to a point of safety on the opposite side. The
actual walking time (computed by dividing the crossing width by
3.5, the walking speed of the pedestrian in. feet per second) must
number of rows of pedestrians, N. The safe gap can then be
expressed as follows:
G · W+ 3 + (N-l) 2
.'3'75'
15.
.1 In the clearance time interval" the expression
2 (N-l) 2, 1 represents the first row of pedestrians and ,~. the time
3 interval between rows.
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CALIFORNIA TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES COMMITTEE
ADULT CROSSING GOARDS
POLICY
1. GENERAL
a. It is the practice of many local jurisdictions
through.~their local enforcement agency, to
provide adult crossing guards at designated school
crossings which meet certain qualifications during
the hours when school children are required to
cross the street. The recommended policy for the
assignme:p.tof adult crossing guards as herein
specified applies only to school crossings serving
elementary school childr.en. This measure is a
supplemental technique and not a traffic control
device as defined in the California Vehicle Code.
b. An adult crossing guard should be considered as an
appropriate traffic co.ntrol measure at a school
crossing.when:
1. Special problems exist wherebY it is deemed
necessary to assist.. the children across a
street, such as at an unusually complicated
interse.ction or.t a controlled intersection
where there are heavy vehicular turning
movements and high vehicular speed.
2. A clja~einthe sChool crossing is imminent but
pre'~ellt.Yconditionsirequire school crossing
sJ.1pervision for a limited time and.it is. not
f:easible to install another form of control
for this temporary period.
3.. The ,warr~nts;t;()r..the installation of a traffic
s~gnalare'not. mt't:.
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WARRANTS FOR ASSIGNING ADULT CROSSING GUARDS
~2 Adult. crossin,g .... guar.ds~o-jmally are assigned where offi-
23 cial supervision of elementary school children is desirable<while
24 they cross a publici .street.O;rhighway, and at least 40 elementary
25 school age pedestrians per hour for each of two hours utilize
26- the crossing on the way to or from school. Adult crossing guard
27 protection shall be warranted under the following conditions:
28 WARRANTS:
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A. UNCONTROLLED CROSSINGS ON THE SUGGESTED SAFEST
ROUTE TO SCHOOL:
1. Where there is no controlled intersectionwith~n
600 feet of the location where a request for an
adult crossinggoard is made. For the purpose
of this warrant, a controlled inte.rsection is
defined as:
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<a) An intersection controlled by either 'traffic
signals or stop signs on the street across
whi.ch adult crossing guards will be used.
(b) An .intersection where a pedestrian tunnel,
bridge or other adequate protection exis~.
2. (a.) Under urban conditions where the vehicular
traffic vQlume exceeds 350 during each of..
any .two hours dur.ing whicl1 40 or more school
children normally cross while traveling to
or from school.
(b) Under. rural conditions where the vehicular
traffic volume exceeds 300 during ." each of
any two hours during,which30.or more,school
children normally crosswh:iJ.etraveling to or
from school.
Whenever the critical approach speed exceeds
40 miles per hour, tbe warrants for rural
conditions should be applied.
B.
STOP SIGN CONTROLLED CROSSINGS:'
Where the vehicular traffic volume on undi~ided
roadways of four or more lanes exceeds 500 per
hour during any period when the children are normally
going. to or from school.
G.. SIGNAL-CONTROLLED . CROSSINGS:
1. Where the number of vehicular turning movements
through the crosswalk where childr.enmust cross
exceeds 300 per hour while children .are going
to or from school.
2. Where there are extenuating circumstances not
normally experienced at a signalized inter-
section such as crosswalks more than 80 feet
long with no median refuge area, or an ab-
normally high percentage .of commercial vehicles
with operating characteristics substantially
different from those of the passenger vehicle.
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CALIFORNIA TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES. COMMITTEE
PEDESTRIAN SEPARATION STRUCTURES
POLICY
GENERAL:
.f'
. .....:., . , ,,' ,~-..,
Tke..relatt.ve permanence and capital expense of a pedestrian
separati.on structure effectively limits its application to
se,lected locations' of special pedestrian hazard where the benefits
to be derived from the structure clearly balance the costs in-
9 volved. This measure isa'supplemental technique and not a
10 traffic control device as defined 'by .tbe California Vehicle Code.
11 WARRANTS:
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1. The general conditions that require a pedestrian crossing
13 must be sufficiently permanent to justify the separation structure
14 and
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2. The locati.on must be on the suggested safest route t.o
16 school at an uncontrolled intersection or a midblockloCation
17 along a Freeway, Expressway, or major arterial street where the
18 width, traffic speed and volume make it undesirable for p.,des-
19 trians to crossjand
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3. Replanning of the school routes or attendance boundaries
21 to eliminate the need for a crossing is not feasible; and
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4. Physical conditions make a separation structure feasible
23 from an engineering standpoint, including pedestrian channeliza-
24 tion to insure usage of the structurej and
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5. Adjacent. crossings are at least 600 feet from the pro-
26 posed structure and would add a total walking distance of at least
27 1200 feet; and
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6. Traffic signals, adult crossing gu.rds or other devices
2-9 are not practicable.
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19.
.1 CALIFORNIA TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES COMMITTEE
2 PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS
3 POLICY
4 GENERAL
5 Pedestrian safety problems are not limited to crossing
6 locations, since significant hazards also prevail where physical
7 conditions require children to walk in or adjacent to the roadway
8 in rural or ,suburban areas where the speed and volume of traffic,
9 sight distance and roadway width leave little margin for human
10 error.
11 Construction of a pedestrian walkway at least four and.
12 half feet wide and physically separated by berm, rail, fence,
13 etc. from the ,vehicular roadway may be justified when the follow-
14 ing conditions are fulfilled:
15 WARRANTS
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1) The roadw,jilY lies on the suggested safest route to school.
2)
Rt)'ad' Sh9ulders outside the travelled way acre less than
a feet wide.
'",.".;..Ij'
More th~n.20school children use the route while walking
to and from school and vehicular traffic e;xce.ed 100
cars per hour.
<3)
4)
The school <iiEkt:i:Icthasofficially requested pedestrian
walkway 'impJ.'ovements.
~2 Where the peqestI'fans walk on 1;he ,.shoulder of the roadway,
23 a<iequateshoulders >(sixfeet or more in width) must be available
24 alongboth$ides so that pedestrians may always walk facing
25 onooming traffic. Where a separate walkway is ,provided,
26 facilities may be limited to one side of the roadway.
27 This measure is a supplemental technique and not a traffic
28 control device as defined in the California Vehicle Code.
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20.
.1 CALIFORNIA TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES COMMITTEE
2 SCHOOL AREA PARKING AND LOADING CONTROLS
3 POLICY
4 GENERAL
5 The school site shall have appropriate traffic signs and
6 burb zone markings installed so as to provide adequate control
7 for vehicle parking aI1d loading. Requests for traffic investiga-
8 tion.or for change in traffic control shall be referred directly
9 to the deSignated school sta.ff.
10 The school site shall be provided with the following types
11 of signs and curb zone markings as needed.
12 WARRANTS
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1. Time Limit Parking Signs - of two hours or ,less on
School days.
2. Prohibited Parking signs - effecti.ve on school days.
Policy - Prohibition of parking along school frontage
or school approaches may. be recommended to assure
unrestricted sight distancefQr pedestrian walkways,
gates, unfenced school grounds and school entrances;
to provide space for passenger loading and freight
loading; and to provide an unrestricted walkway
on a school approach.
A . "NoStoppingtt , or "No Parkingtt ,or "NO Stopping -
J3Uses Excepted", 7 a.m. .. 5 p.m.
B. Temporary Parking Prohibitions'
Temporary Parking Restrictions
Policy - Temporary parking restructions at schools
may 'be.recommended in accordance with general
policies and, in addition, may be recommended to
provide for the movement of .traffic during a school
event gen~ra.ting an unusually' heavy traffic volume
where serious delay, congestion, and accident
hazard woul:d: resul t if parking were permitted;
provided that the temporary restriction is recom-
menqed'by the school official designated and by the
'Police> or Traffic Department.
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3.
Stl!eet Closuref?
.Iir
Policy - Streets which cross ,or divide school grounds
maybe closed to through traffic when necessary for the
protection of personS a tte.nding the school. Closure
may be recoInlJlended when reqpested by school authorities.
(VC 21102)
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Posting - When closure is authorized, the closure will
be affected by the school upon authorization. The
local traffic authority shlilll furnish signs "STREET
CLOSED, 7:.30 AM. to 4:30 PM,SCHOOLDAysn to the school
for mount<-i,ng upon portable barricades. Barricades
shall iDe'.furnished by the school district.
4.. i, . Cu:fb Zone Markings
Whenever .localauthoriti:esf e-nact local parking regu.la-
tions and indic,ate them by the use of paint upon curbs,
the. following colors only shall be used, and the colors
indicate as follows:
A. GJ:'eenCUI.'bZones
TimeliDI.~t par:ltillg spec~fied by local ordinance._
Regulltiol1S Lndicated a$ above provided .sh~ll be
effective upon such days and during such hours or
times as may be prescribed by local ordinances.
B. yellow Curb Zones for loading vehicles.
C. Red Curb Zones
No stopping, standing, or parking whether the vehicle
isa ttended or unattended, except tha t,a busma y
stop in a red zone marked or, sign-posted as a bus
loading zone.
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.1 CALIFORNIA TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES COMMITTEE
2 STUDENT TRANSPORTATION
3 POLICY
4 GENERAL
5 There a.re circumstances where temporary or permanent
6 conditions made it advisable to provide pupil transportation
7 rather than allow children to walk along the,side of roads which
8 are on the suggested nSafestRoute to Schooltt designated by the,
9 School or the Safety Advisory Committee.
10 When such circumstances occur along the suggested "Safest
11 Route.toschoolu, it is recommended that pupil transporation be
12 considered on the basis of hazard regardless of the school
13 district nmileage.l~mitsttpolicy for providing pupil transporta-
14 tion. This,mea~re is a supplemental technique and not a traffic
15 control dev1.ce as,defi..,ned in "the >California Vehicle Code.
16 WARRANTS
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a. Limited walking sp,ace combined with traffic volume
(defined) ..
TOtal traffic volume of at least 120 vehicles per hour
during the hours while the children are enroute to or
from school., and
One or more of the following exists:
1. Roadway is not separated from walkway by curbs,
berms, fences, guard rails, or dikes and walkway
width off automobile travelled 'Way is less than
6'wide on one side.
2. Roadway.is separated from walkWay by curbs,berms,
feno.es, guard rail, or dikes but total walkWay
Widthoutside.of barrier is less than 3-1/2' wide on
at-least one side of an undivided highway or on
both sides of a divided highway.
b. ObstructedWalkWays
Walkways adjacent to roads where tra.ffic . volumes are
120 vehicles per hour during the hours while children
areenroute to or from school and the walkways are
continuously obstructed for 75' ..ormore or if the
obstruction is less than 75' in length there ,are more
than 120 vehicles per hour travelling on the near side
of the road centerline.
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distance
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WJ;1en.th~ ori.vfrig sight distance on the suggested
ttsafest~routett road is less than five seconds (critical
,sp~ed) at more than three locations and traffic exceeds
60dehicles per hour (both directions) during the hours
c'hildren are going to or from school and the roadway
is less than 30. wide. .
d. Impaired sight distance
The traffic volume.exceeds One hundred eighty (180) vehic-
les per hour through the crosswalk at an uncontrolled
intersection during the hours children are enroute to or
from schoplwh~re,the safe driving sight distance is
impaired and -theerossing exceeds forty (40) feet in width
10 e. Prolonged Obstructions
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When due to construction or'damage the safest route to
school is made unusable or impassible and the road
agency has notified the school that the condition
will exist for longer than one week.
Conditions of roadside hazard and terrain
f.
Slii.deare.as or where walkway is adjacent to and below a
steep slope, provided the hazard consists of rocks or
other sOlid debris which may be expected to become
dislodged due to steepness of the grade.
g. Uncontrolled Intersections with inadequate gaps
When traffic volume through an uncontroll.ed intersection
is such that there are inadequate space gaps in traffic
for safe pedestrian crossingbysecond~ry school students
and in the case of elementary school pupils when the
assignment of a crossing guard is consideredunsa.fe by
the traffic enforcem.~ntagency. This section may be
applied only when alternate routes are also unsafe or
when alternate routes would' require students to walk
more than 1200 feet further to reach school.
23 h. Discontinuance of special transportation
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In the event that transporation has been provided .because
a warrant existed and the condition is improved so the
warrant no longer remains, then the tZ"ansporation is
no longer warranted and should pe discontinued after
first giving students and parents two weeks notice of
such discontinuance.
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