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Resolution No. 5691 .' ~ r ~ 1 RESOLUTION NO. 5691 2 3 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF VERNON ADOPTING CROSS-CONNECTION RULES AND REGULATIONS IN ORDER TO IMPLEMENT ORDINANCE NO. 984 4 5 WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Vernon has 6 adopted Ordinance No. 984 enacting Chapter 25, Article V of the 7 Vernon City Code for the Protection of the Water Supply and the 8 Control of Cross-connections within the City of Vernon; and 9 WHEREAS, said Ordinance was adopted in conformity with 10 the State of California Code of RegUlations, Title 17-Public 11 Health, Sections 7583 to 7605, which authorize a program of 12 "Regulations Relating to Cross-Connections;" and 13 WHEREAS, Section 25.83 of said Ordinance provides that: 14 liThe city Council shall by resolution enact Cross- 15 Connection Rules and Regulations to implement and 16 clarify the requirements of this article regarding the 17 18 19 instal.lcation, .maintenance, testing, and inspe.otion of backflbwprevention devices. Upon approval such rules and regulations shall have the same force and effect as 20 21 the provisions of this ordinance." WHEREAS, the adoption of rules and regulations to 22 prevent cross-connections will protect the health, safety, and 23 welfare of the residents, employees, and businesses of the City 24 of Vernon; and 25 WHEREAS, the proposed Cross-Connection Rules and 26 Regulations have been submitted to the City Council as attached 27 hereto and made a part hereof by reference. 28 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 r ~ 1 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF VERNON AS FOLLOWS: 2 3 SECTION 1: The City Council of the City of Vernon hereby finds and determines that the recitals contained 4 5 6 hereinabove are true and correct. SECTION 2: The City Council of the City of Vernon hereby adopts the Cross-Connection Rules and Regulations 7 8 attached hereto and made a part hereof by reference, which shall be effective upon the effective date of Ordinance No. 984. 9 SECTION 3: The City Clerk of the City of Vernon shall certify to the passage of this resolution and thereupon and thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect. APPROvED AND ADOPTED this 21st day of November, 1989. ATTEST: . ~ /5__~' . ~ BRUCE V. MALKENHORST , City Clerk ~~' -2- , ..~ r 1 STATE OF CALIFORNIA ) ) ss COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) I, BRUCE V. MALKENHORST, city Clerk of the city of 2 3 4 5 6 Vernon, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution, being Resolution No. 5691, was duly adopted by the City Council of the City of Vernon at a regular meeting of the City Council held on 7 Tuesday, November 21. 1989 and thereafter duly signed by the 8 Mayor of the City of Vernon. 9 10 11 ~~ MALKENHORST, City Clerk A BRUCE V. 12 (SEAL) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 -3- ',.J 1 CROSS-CONNECTION RULES AND REGULATIONS 2 3 SECTION 1 : Definitions. 4 a. Air-Gap Set>aration (AG) shall mean a physical break 5 6 between a supply pipe and a receiving vessel. The air-gap shall be at least double the diameter of the supply pipe measured 7 vertically above the top rim of the vessel, in no case less than 8 one inch. 9 b. Approved Backflow Prevention Device shall mean a device or 10 11 12 13 an assembly which has passed laboratory and field evaluation tests performed by a recognized testing organization which has demonstrated its competency to perform such tests to the California Department of Health Services. 14 c. Approved Water Suppl v shall mean any water supply whose 15 p6tabiTity is. regulated by a state or locaJ,. h~a.lth agency. di~,;<;Atmosphce:ri;c Va-COllum Breaker (AVB:.) s+hall mean aJilY' 11 'nonpressureassemb:l:yeontaining.a float..cheokc,a. check s~'at." apq,., 18 an airinlet}?ort. Water flow. from a .water system through th,.is 19 assembly causes the float to close the air inlet port. stoppage 20 21 of water flow causes the float to fall and form a check valve against backsiphonage and also allows air to enter and satisfy 22 the vacuum. 23 24 25 26 e. Auxiliarv Watersupplv shall mean any water supply on or available to the premises other than the approved water supply. f. Backflow shall mean a flow condition caused by a differential in pressure, that causes the flow of water or other liquids, gases, mixtures or substances into the distributing 27 28 pipes of a potable supply of water from any source or sources I,' ',f 1 1 other than an approved water supply source. Backsiphonage is 2 one cause of backf1ow. Backpressure is another cause. 3 g. Buildinq Department shall mean City of Vernon Department 4 of Community Services. 5 h. City shall mean the City of Vernon and its departments. 6 i. contamination shall mean a degradation of the quality of 7 the potable water by any foreign substance which creates a 8 hazard to the public health through poisoning or through spread 9 of disease. 10 j. Critical Level (C-L) shall mean marking on a backflow 11 prevention device at a point which determines the minimum 12 elevation at which the device may be installed above the flood 13 level rim of the fixture or receptacle served. When a backflow 14 prevention device does not bear a critical level marking, the 15 bottom: of the device shall constitute the critical level. J..6 >k. ':crosS';';'Cdhnect;i:bn>a.s used in these Rules and Regula'tions 'shal:.ID:emean>anY'unprotected actual:or potential conne'etdort between a potable water system used tosupplywate.r for drinking purposes and any source or system containing unapproved water or a substance that is not or cannot be approved as safe, wholesome, and potable. By-pasS arrangements, jumper connections, removable sections , swivel or changeover devices, or other devices through which backflow could occur, shall be considered to be cross-connections. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1. Double Check-Valve Assembly (DC) shall mean an assembly of at least two independently acting check-valves including tightly Closing shut-off valves on each side of the check yalve -2- I.. . r. t 1 assembly and test cocks available for testing the watertightness 2 3 of each check valve. Health Aqency shall mean the California Department of m. 4 Heal th Services, or the local health agency wi th respect to a 5 6 small water system. Health Officer shall mean the city of Vernon Health n. 7 Officer. 8 Person shall mean an individual, corporation, company, o. 9 10 11 association, partnership, municipality, public utility, or other public body or institution. Pollution shall mean an impairment of potable water to a p. 12 13 14 degree which adversely affects the aesthetic quality of water, but does not create a hazard to the public health. Premises shall mean any and all areas on a customer's q. 15 property which are served or have the potential to be served by 16 'the ubl't p l.C wa er system. 17 18 r~ . pressure. Vacuum Breaker (PVB) shall mean an assembly containing an independently operating internally loaded check 19 valve and an independently operating loaded air inlet valve 20 21 located on the discharge side of the check valve. The assembly shall be equipped with properly located test cocks and tightly 22 closing shutoff valves attached at each end of the assembly. 23 24 s. Public Water System shall mean a system for the provision of piped water to the public for human consumption which has five or more service connections or regularly serves an average 25 26 of 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year. 27 28 t. Reclaimed water shall mean wastewater which as a result of -3- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 , ,I. ; treatment is suitable for uses other than potable use. u. Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention As sembI y l.Rll shall mean an assembly incorporating two or more check valves and an automatically operating differential relief valve located between the two check valves, a tightly closing shut-off valve on each side of the check valve assembly, and equipped with necessary test cocks for testing. v. Service Connection shall mean the point of connection of a water user's system to the public water system. w. Water Department shall mean the City of Vernon Water Department. x. Water User shall mean any person obtaining water from an approved water supply system. y. Water Use site shall mean a location on a water user's system where water is utilized fOr a purpose~ Z; . ""\>Wa:te:r:User;(Ef sYstem. shall mean a system'; foX' .tbeprovj".s.ion . Of>piped'iwa'ter..'for human'consUntption onthe...premises ,of,.a.watet'; user. SECTION 2: Deqree of Protection a. Types of Backflow Prevention Devices. The type of protection provided to prevent backflow either into an approved water supply or into a water user's system shall be commensurate with the degree of hazard that exists at a water use site. The types of backflow prevention devices that may be required (listed in an increasing level of protection) include: Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB); Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB); Double Check Valve Assembly (DC); Reduced Pressure principle -4- ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Backflow Prevention Assembly (RP); and Air-Gap Separation (AG). The water user may choose a higher level of protection than required by the city. b. Minimum Protection. The minimum types of backflow protection required to protect an approved water supply at connections to premises with varying degrees of hazard are given in Table 1. The minimum types of backflow protection required to protect the water user's system, at water use sites with varying degrees of hazard are given in Table 2. situations which are not covered in Tables 1 and 2 shall be evaluated on a case by case basis and the appropriate backflow protection shall be determined by the city. c. Multiple Service. Two or more services supplying water from different street main~ to the same building, structure, or premises through which an interstreet main flow may occur, shall have/at least a .standartd' checkvalve..dneach ... water. service to>/be. located' >adjacent'td ... and on. the property: sideiof,.the ..... respective meters. Such check valve shall not be. considered adequate if backflow protection is deemed necessary to protect the City's mains from pollution or contamination; in such cases the installation of approved backflow prevention devices at such service connections shall be required. SECTION 3: Installation of Baokflow Prevention Devioe at the Servioe Conneotion a. Backflow Prevention Device. The backflow prevention device shall be installed in a manner prescribed in Section 7603, Title 17 of the State of California Code of Regulations. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 -5- ',' '" 1 Location of the device shall be as close as practical to the 2 water user's connection. The city shall have the final 3 authori ty in determining the required type and location of a 4 backflow prevention device. 5 6 Air-gap Separation (AG). The air-gap separation shall be b. located on the water user's side and as close as practical to 7 the service connection. All piping from the service connection 8 to the receiving tank shall be above grade and be entirely 9 10 11 visible. No water use shall be provided from any point between the service connection and the air-gap separation. The water inlet piping shall terminate a distance of at least two (2) pipe 12 13 diameters from the supply inlet, but in no case less than one (1) inch, above the overflow rim of the receiving tank. Water 14 take-off between the water user's connection and the air-gap 15 sepal:"ation shall be protected in a mannerapPl:"oved by the city. ~edt1'~ed'Press1.l!"e ) Principle Backf:low . Prevention..... AssembJ,.y, 17 .'. ifiRP)'~ '/The approved reduced pressure principle,;baekflow' 18 prevention assembly shall be installed on the water user's side 19 20 21 22 of and as close as practical to the service connection. The assembly shall be installed not less than twelve inches (12 ") above grade and not more than thirty-six inches (36") above grade measured from the bottom of the assembly and with a 23 24 minimum of twelve inches (12 ") side clearance. The assembly shall be installed so that it is readily accessible for 25 26 27 28 maintenance and testing. Water supplied from any point between the service connection and the RP assembly shall be protected in a manner approved by the city. -6- 1,.' '" 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 d. Double Check Valve Assemblv (DC). The approved double check valve assembly shall be located on the water user's side of and as close as practical to the water user's connection. It shall be installed above grade, if possible, and in a manner where it is readily accessible for testing and maintenance. If a double check valve assembly is put below grade it must be installed in a vault so that there is a minimum of six inches (6") between the bottom of the vault and the bottom of the assembly, so that the top of the assembly is no more than eight inches (8") below grade, so that there is a minimum of six inches of clearance between the side of the assembly with the test cocks and the side of the vault, and so that there is a minimum of three inches (311) clearance between the other side of the assembly and the side of the vault. Special consideration must be given to double check valve assemblies of the "Y"type. Theseas'sem.biiesimi:ust be installed on their IIsidell with the testscodks' in a 'Vertical position so that either check,valve may be removed for service without removing the assembly. Vaults which do not have an integrated bottom must. be placed on a three inch (3") layer of gravel. Water supplied from any point between the water user's connection and the double check valve assembly shall be protected in a manner approved by the city. SECTION 4: Installation Of Backflow Prevention Devices On The Water User's system a. Backflow Prevention Device. shall be installed ahead of The backflow prevention device a water use site which may -7- . -. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 contaminate or pollute the water user's system. The City shall have the final authority in determining the required type and location of a backflow prevention device. -8- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 b. Accessibility. All backflow prevention devices and assemblies shall be located so that no piping, machinery, wall or other object blocks access to the devices or assemblies for testing and maintenance. Any reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly (RP), double check valve assembly (DC), or pressure vacuum breaker (PVB) located in excess of 48 inches above immediately surrounding grade shall be provided a permanent, accessible work station such as a catwalk or landing. Work station construction must be approved by the City of Vernon Building Department. The City shall have the final authority in determining the required type and location of a backflow prevention device or assembly. c. Air-gap Separation lAG). The air-gap separation shall be located so that the water inlet piping terminates a distance of at least two (2) pipe diameters from the supply. inlet, but in no 'e:ase:<1ressthan one (i).. inch, above:<the . overflow ... rim of... the! "receiving tan.k~ . Water take-off! between the..... water user~/s connection and the air-gap separation shall be protected in a manner approved by the City. 18 19 20 d. Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly 21 lRP) . principle backflow The approved reduced pressure 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 prevention assembly shall be installed above grade with a minimum clearance of twelve (12) inches between the bottom of the assembly and immediately surrounding grade, and a minimum three (3) inches side clearance. Water supplied from any point between the service connection and the RP assembly shall be protected in a manner approved by the City. -9- , '0 . . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 e. Double Check Valve Assembly (DC). The approved double check valve assembly shall be installed above grade, if possible, with a minimum three (3) inches side clearance from walls, piping, fences or other structures. If a double check valve assembly is put below grade it must be installed in a vault so that there is a minimum of six (6) inches between the bottom of the vault and the bottom of the assembly, so that the top of the assembly is no more than eight (8) inches below grade, so that there is a minimum of six (6) inches of clearance between the side of the assembly with the test cocks and tbe side of the vault, and so that there is a minimum of three (3) inches clearance between the other side of the assembly and the side of the vault. Special consideration must be given to double check valve assemblies. of the "Y"type. These assemblies must be installed on their "side" with the tests cocks in a vertical. position so 'thateithe'f';;:cheCk.'vaTve may be. removed for .....serv.i:oe.without removing r the. aSSembly~ Vaults which do'nothave<ani.i.ntegrated bottom must be placed on a three (3) inch layer of gravel. water supplied from any point between the water user's connection and the double check valve assembly shall be protected in a manner approved by the city. f. Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB). The approved pressure vacuum breaker shall be installed with a minimum three (3) inch clearance between the device and any wall, fence, or other similar structure. A pressure vacuum breaker shall also be installed so that the Critical Level (C-L) is: (1) at least twelve (12) inches above the highest point reached by any water -10- . ' 1 downstream of the device, and (2) not less than twelve (12) 2 3 inches above the surrounding grade or floor. The pressure vacuum breaker shall not be subjected to backpressure. 4 5 6 7 8 9 g. Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVBl. The atmospheric vacuum breaker shall be located so that the critical level (C-L) is at least six (6) inches above the highest elevation of the piping system beyond the atmospheric vacuum breaker. Fixtures with integral vacuum breakers manufactured and approved as a unit may be installed in accordance with their approval requirements. 10 11 12 13 The atmospheric vacuum breaker shall not be subjected to backpressure. SECTION 5: Approved Devices and Assemblies New Installations. Any backflow prevention device or a. 14 assembly installed in the City of Vernon must be listed on the 15 most current "LIST OF APPROVED BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLIES" 1.6 .pub~ished by the'Foundation for Cros's..,..connection Control ..and 17 Hydraulic Research, University of Southern California. 18 19 b. Existinq Installations. previously installed devices or assemblies, not included on the "LIST OF APPROVED BACKFLOW 20 21 22 ASSEMBLIES", may remain in service provided they were installed prior to the effective date of these rules and regulations and were annually tested after installation. Whenever these devices 23 or assemblies become unserviceable, they shall be replaced by an approved device or assembly. 24 25 26 27 28 SECTION 6: Backflow Prevention Device Testinq and Maintenance a. Testinq. The owner or controller of any premises on which, or on account of which, backflow prevention devices are -11- , . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 installed, shall have the devices tested at least annually and immediately after installation, relocation or repair. The City may require a more frequent testing schedule as it determines to be necessary. No device shall be placed back in service unless it is functioning as required. Backflow testing must be performed by a person possessing a valid Certificate of Competence issued by the County of LOs Angeles Health Officer. A report in a form acceptable to the City shall be filed with the City each time a device is tested. b. Repair. All devices shall be serviced, overhauled, or replaced whenever they are found to be defective and all costs of testing, repair, and maintenance shall be borne by the water user. c. Procedure. The City will, by request, supply affected water users with a list of companies which employ persons acceptable t.ot1n'e City < to test backflow preventiondevi.ces~' The City shall notify affected customers by mail when annual testing of a device is needed and also supply. water users with the necessary forms which shall be filled out each time a device is tested or repaired. SECTION 7: Backflow Prevention Device Removal a. Approval. Approval shall be obtained from the City before a backflow prevention device is removed, relocated, or replaced. b. Removal. The use of a device shall not be discontinued and the device removed from service except upon presentation of sufficient evidence satisfactory to the City that a hazard no longer exists or is not likely to be created in the future. -12- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ....16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 c. Relocation. A device may be relocated following confirmation by the City that the relocation will continue to provide the required protection and satisfy installation requirements. A retest shall be required following the relocation of the device. d. Repair. A device may be removed for repair upon notification to the city, provided that either the water use is discontinued until repair is completed and the device is returned to service, or the service connection is equipped with other backflow protection approved by the city. A retest shall be required following the repair of the device. e. Replacement. A device may be removed and replaced upon notification to the City, provided the water use is discontinued until the replacement device is installed. All replacement devices shall be approved by the City and shall be commensurate with the degree of hazard involved . A test shall be.. required following replacement of the device. SECTION 8: Customer Notification of Corrective Action a. First Notice. The City shall notify the water user of any survey of water service if the findings show corrective action needs to be taken by the water user. A period of 60 days will be given to complete all corrective action required including installation of backflow prevention devices. b. Second Notice. A second notice shall be sent to each water user which does not take the required corrective action prescribed. The second notice will give the water user a final two week period to take the required corrective action. If no -13- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 I 23 24 25 26 27 28 '" action is taken within the two week period the city may terminate water service to the affected water user until the required corrective action is taken. SECTION 9: Customer Notification of Testing and Maintenance a. First Notice. The City shall notify each affected water user when it is time for the back.flow prevention device installed on its premises to be tested. This wri tten notice will give the water user 30 days to have the device tested and will supply the water user with the necessary form to be completed and resubmitted to the city. b. Second Notice. A second notice shall be sent to each water user which does not have the backflow prevention device tested as prescribed. The second notice will give the water user a final two week period to have the backflow prevention device tested. If no action is taken within the two week period the citY2ntay terlfiinate water service to the.affectedwateruser until the subject device is tested. -14... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ".<. TABLE 1 TYPE OF BACKFLOW PROTECTION REQUIRED FOR APPROVED WATER SUPPLY DEGREE OF HAZARD Minimum Tvne of Backflow Prevention a. Sewaqe and Hazardous Substances. (1) Premises where the public water system is used to supplement a reclaimed water supply. There shall be no interconnection between a potable water system and a reclaimed water supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... .. . AG (2) Premises where reclaimed water is used and there is no interconnection with the potable water system. An RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and the City. . . . . . . . AG (3) Premises where there is a wastewater pumping andlor treatment plant and there is no inter- connection with the potable water system. This does not include a single family residence that has a sewage lift pump. There shall be no cross- connection between the wastewater plumbing and the potable water supply. An RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if it is approved by the health agency and the City . . . . . . . .. ........ AG -15- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 (4) Premises where hazardous substances are handled in any manner in which the substances may enter a potable water system. This does not include a single family residence that has a sewage lift pump. An RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and the city . . . . . . . . . . . . AG (5) Premises where there is an irrigation system into which fertilizers, herbicides, or pesticides are, or can be, inj ected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. RP b. Auxiliary Water Supplies. (1) Premises where there is an unapproved auxiliary water supply which is interconnected with the public water system. An RP or a DC may be provided in lieu of an AG, if approved by the health agency and the city. . . AG (2) Premises where there is an unapproved auxiliary water.supply and there is no interconnectionwith.the public water system. A DC may be provided in.lieu of an RP if approved by the health agency and City . ... . . RP c. Fire Protection Systems. (1) Premises where the fire system is directly supplied from the public water system and there is an unapproved auxiliary water supply on or to the premises (not iIlterconnected) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .; . . . . .DC (2) Premises where the fire system is directly supplied from the public water system and interconnected with an -16- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 unapproved auxiliary water supply. An RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and the city. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. AG (3) Premises where the fire system is directly supplied from the public water system and where either elevated storage tanks or fire pumps which take suction from the private reservoirs or tanks are used. . . . . . .. . DC d. Restricted Access. Premises where entry is restricted so that inspections for cross-connections cannot be made with sufficient frequency or at sufficiently short notice to assure that cross- connections do not exist. ... ......... RP e. Prior Cross-connections. Premises which have a repeated history of cross-connections being established or re-established . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RP -17- " 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 . " . , TABLE 2 TYPE OF BACKFLOW PROTECTION REQUIRED FOR WATER USER'S SYSTEM Dearee of Hazard Prevention Minimum Type of Backflow a. Sewaqe (1) Water use sites directly connected to sewage. . . . . AG (2) Water use sites indirectly connected to sewage. An RP, PVB, or AVB may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and the city . . .. AG b. Contamination (1) Water use sites directly connected to contaminants and sUbject to backpressure. An RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and the c.i ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....... AG (2) Water use sites directly connected to contaminants and subject to back siphonage only. An AVB may be provided in lieu of a PVB if approved by the health agency and the c.i ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... . . . . .. . . . . PVB (3) Water use sites indirectly connected to contaminants and subject to back siphonage only. An AVB may be provided in lieu of a PVB if approved by the health agency and the ci ty . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. ... . . . . . . . PVB -18- " 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 .... . ". , , . c. Pollution (1) Water use sites directly connected to pollutants and subject to backpressure . . . . . . . . . . . .. DC (2) water use sites directly connected to pollutants and subject to backsiphonage only. An AVB may be provided in lieu of a PVB if approved by the health agency and the City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . PVB (3) Water use sites indirectly connected to pollutants and subject to backsiphonage only. An AVB may be provided in lieu of a PVB if approved by the health agency and the city. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PVB d. Restricted Access and Prior Cross-Connections (1) Water use sites where entry is restricted so that inspections for cross-connections cannot be made with sufficient frequency to assure that cross-connections do not exist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RP (2)' Water use sites which have a history of cross- connections subject to backpressure being established or re-established. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RP (3) Water use sites which have a history of cross- connections subject to backsiphonage being established or re-established. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. PVB -19-