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Resolution No. 6109
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 RESOLUTION NO. 6109 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF VERNON ADOPTING THE GENERAL PLAN REVISIONS FOR THE CITY OF VERNON AND THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS INCLUDED THEREIN AND REPEALING ALL RESOLUTIONS IN CONFLICT HEREWITH WHEREAS, the City of Vernon approved and adopted the Vernon General Plan (hereinafter "Plan ") by Resolution No. 5609 on April 18, 1989; and WHEREAS, a Public Hearing Draft Vernon General Plan dated April 21, 1992, containing revisions to said Plan and its elements` has been prepared and noticed for public hearing; and WHEREAS, the proposed Plan revisions have been referred to cities adjoining the City of Vernon, to the Local Agency Formation Commission, to area -wide planning agencies, and to the State of California for review and comment by each such agency as required by Government Code Section 65352; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Vernon, by Resolution No. 5610 on April 18, 1989, approved the Environmental Impact Report and Master Environmental Assessment for the Plan; and WHEREAS, a Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (hereinafter "Supplemental EIR "), dated April 1992 was prepared and circulated for public review and comment; and WHEREAS, public comments to the Supplemental EIR have been received and written responses to those comments have been incorporated in the Supplemental EIR; and WHEREAS, the Supplemental Environmental Impact Report has determined that the Plan revisions will have no significant adverse effects on the environment; and 1 WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Vernon has not 2 created a separate planning commission and performs all of the 3 functions of a planning commission as authorized by Government Code 4 Sections 65100 and 65861; and 5 WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Vernon held a 6 public hearing during its regularly scheduled City Council meeting 7 on June 16, 1992, to consider the proposed Plan revisions and the 8 Supplemental EIR; and 9 WHEREAS, the City Clerk gave the required notice for said 10 hearing for the purpose of considering the adoption of the Plan 11 revisions, at which public hearing the Plan revisions were 12 displayed, discussed and explained. 13 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE 14 CITY OF VERNON AS FOLLOWS: 15 SECTION 1: The City Council of the City of Vernon hereby 16 finds and determines that the recitals contained hereinabove are 17 true and correct. 18 SECTION 2: The Supplemental EIR has been presented to the 19 City Council concurrently herewith, and the Council has reviewed and, 20 considered the information therein prior to any action on the 21 adoption of the Plan revisions. 22 SECTION 3: The City Council concurs with and adopts the 23 Supplemental EIR and finds that the Plan revisions are minor and 24 have no significant adverse effects or impacts on the environment 25 beyond those identified in the previously Certified General Plan 26 FEIR and that no specific mitigation measures are required. 27 /// 28 -2- 4 5 SECTION 4: The City Council finds that a statement of overriding conditions is not required for the adoption of the Plan revisions. SECTION 5: The City Council finds that pursuant to Section 711.4(c) of the Fish and Game Code, the City has found no evidence 6 that the proposed Project will have the potential for adverse 7 effects on the wildlife resources and, therefore, finds that the 8 Project is exempt from the fee otherwise payable under Section 9 711.4. 10 SECTION 6: The City Council of the City of Vernon pursuant, 11 to Chapter 3, Title 7 of the Government Code of the State of 12 California, does hereby approve and adopt said Plan revisions which 13 have been included in the Public Hearing Draft Vernon General Plan 14 dated April 21, 1992, a copy of which has been submitted to the City 15 Council concurrently herewith and which may be corrected for 16 typographical errors and grammatical inconsistences. 17 SECTION 7: The City Council hereby orders said Plan and 18 its revisions and the Supplemental EIR to be received and filed by 19 the City Clerk. 20 SECTION 8: The City Council of the City of Vernon does 21 hereby repeal any and all City Council resolutions, general plans or 22 elements which have heretofore been adopted and which are in 23 conflict with said Plan revisions. 24 /// 25 /JJ 26 /// 27 /// 28 -3- 1 SECTION 9: The City Clerk of. the City of Vernon shall 2 certify to the passage of this resolution, and thereupon and 3 thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect. APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 16th day of June, 1992. 6 7 8 ATTEST: LEONIS C. MALB g BRUCE V. MALKENHORST, City Clerk 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 -4- G N r 2 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 STATE OF CALIFORNIA )ss COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) I, BRUCE V. MALKENHORST, City Clerk of the City of Vernon, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution, being Resolution No. 6109, was duly adopted by the City Council of the City of Vernon at a regular meeting of the City Council duly held on Tuesday, June 16, 1992, and thereafter was duly signed by the Mayor of the City of Vernon. (SEAL) BRUCE V. MALKENHORST, City Clerk VERNON GENERAL PLAN City of Vernon VERNON GENERAL PLAN Adopted April 18, 1989 Revised June 16, 1992 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 s 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 RESOLUTION NO. 6109 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF VERNON ADOPTING THE GENERAL PLAN REVISIONS FOR THE CITY OF VERNON AND THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS INCLUDED THEREIN AND REPEALING ALL RESOLUTIONS IN CONFLICT HEREWITH WHEREAS, the City of Vernon approved and adopted the Vernon General Plan (hereinafter "Plan ") by Resolution No. 5609 on April 18, 1989; and WHEREAS, a Public Hearing Draft Vernon General Plan dated April 21, 1992, containing revisions to said Plan and its elements has been prepared and noticed for public hearing; and WHEREAS, the proposed Plan revisions have been referred to cities adjoining the City of Vernon, to the Local Agency Formation Commission, to area -wide planning agencies, and to the State of California for review and comment by each such agency as required by Government Code Section 65352; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Vernon, by Resolution No. 5610 on April 18, 1989, approved the Environmental Impact Report and Master Environmental Assessment for the Plan; and WHEREAS, a Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (hereinafter "Supplemental EIR "), dated April 1992 was prepared and circulated for public review and comment; and WHEREAS, public comments to the Supplemental EIR have been received and written responses to those comments have been incorporated in the Supplemental EIR; and WHEREAS, the Supplemental Environmental Impact Report has determined that the Plan revisions will have no significant adverse effects on the environment; and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Vernon has not created a separate planning commission and performs all of the functions of a planning commission as authorized by Government Code Sections 65100 and 65861; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Vernon held a public hearing during its regularly'scheduled City Council meeting on June 16, 1992, to consider the proposed Plan revisions and the Supplemental EIR; and WHEREAS, the City Clerk gave the required notice for said hearing for the purpose of considering the adoption of the Plan revisions, at which public hearing the Plan revisions were displayed, discussed and explained. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF VERNON AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1: The City Council of the City of Vernon hereby finds and determines that the recitals contained hereinabove are true and correct. SECTION 2: The Supplemental EIR has been presented to the City Council concurrently herewith, and the Council has reviewed and considered the information therein prior to any action on the adoption of the Plan revisions. SECTION 3: The City Council concurs with and adopts the Supplemental EIR and finds that the Plan revisions are minor and have no significant adverse effects or impacts on the environment beyond those identified in the previously Certified General Plan FEIR and that no specific mitigation measures are required. /// -2- 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 SECTION 4: The City Council finds that a statement of overriding conditions is not required for the adoption of the Plan revisions. SECTION 5: The City Council finds that pursuant to Section 711.4(c) of the Fish and Game Code, the City has found no evidence that the proposed Project will have the potential for adverse effects on the wildlife resources and, therefore, finds that the Project is exempt from the fee otherwise payable under Section 711.4. SECTION 6: The City Council of the City of Vernon pursuant to Chapter 3, Title 7 of the Government Code of the State of California, does hereby approve and adopt said Plan revisions which have been included in the Public Hearing Draft Vernon General Plan dated April 21, 1992, a copy of which has been submitted to the City Council concurrently herewith and which may be corrected for typographical errors and grammatical inconsistences. SECTION 7: The City Council hereby orders said Plan and its revisions and the Supplemental EIR to be received and filed by the City Clerk. SECTION 8: The City Council of the City of Vernon does hereby repeal any and all City Council resolutions, general plans or elements which have heretofore been adopted and which are in conflict with said Plan revisions. /// /// /// /// -3- 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 SECTION 9: The City Clerk of the City of Vernon shall certify to the passage of this resolution, and thereupon and thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect. APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 16th day of June, 1992. ATTEST • /�� c2 BRUCE V. MALKENHORST, City Clerk, -4- LEONIS C. MALB RG, Ma or 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 STATE OF CALIFORNIA ) ) ss COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) I, BRUCE V. MALKENHORST, City Clerk of the City of Vernon, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution, being Resolution No. 6109, was duly adopted by the City Council of the City of Vernon at a regular meeting of the City Council duly held on Tuesday, June 16, 1992, and thereafter was duly signed by the Mayor of the City of Vernon. (SEAL) BRUCE V. MALKENHORST, City Clerk -5- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 RESOLUTION NO. 5609 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF VERNON ADOPTING 'Tit; GENERAL PLAN FOR THE CITY OF VERNON AND TmE VARIOUS ELEMENTS INCLUDED THEREIN AND REPEALING ALL RESOLUTIONS IN CONFLICT HEREWITH WHEREAS, the City of Vernon is required to update the housing element of the Vernon General Plan (hereinafter "Plan ") by July 1, 1989, pursuant to Government Code Section 65588; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Vernon held a public hearing during its regularly scheduled City Council meet- ing on April 18, 1989, to consider the proposed Plan; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Vernon has not created a separate planning commission and performs all of the functions of a planning commission as authorized by Government Code Sections 65100 and 65861; and WHEREAS, the City Clerk gave the required notice for said hearing for the purpose of considering the adoption of the Plan at which public hearing the Plan was displayed, discussed and explained; and WHEREAS, the proposed Plan has been referred to cities adjoining the City of Vernon, to the Local Agency Formation Com- mission, to area -wide planning agencies, and to the State of California for review and comment by each such agency as required by Government Code Section 65352; and WHEREAS, on April 4, 1989, the City Council of the City of Vernon held a hearing on the environmental impact of the Plan and, by Resolution No. 5610 on April 18, 1989, approved the En- vironmental Impact Report and Master Environmental Assessment for the Plan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF VERNON AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1: That the City Council of the City of Vernon hereby finds and determines that the recitals contained hereinabove are true and correct. SECTION 2: The City Council of the City of Vernon pur- suant to Chapter 3, Title 7 of the Government Code of the State of California, does hereby approve and adopt said Vernon General Plan as the General Plan of the City of Vernon including the land use, infrastructure, housing, safety natural resources and noise elements covering the principles, objectives and standards which will be used to develop the City of Vernon as more fully described in the Plan, a copy of which is attached hereto as the Final Draft Vernon General Plan dated February 14, 1989, and is incorporated herein by this reference as though fully set forth at length, along with any amendments thereto which have been approved at the public hearing. SECTION 3: The City Council of the City of Vernon does hereby find and determine that the public interest, convenience and necessity require that the Plan be adopted as amended cover- ing the objections, principles and standards used as guidelines to develop the City as specified in Article 5 of the Government Code of the State of California, Section 65300, et seq. SECTION 4: The City Council of the City of Vernon does hereby repeal any and all General Plans or elements which have heretofore been adopted. SECTION 5: The City Clerk of the City of Vernon shall -2- r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 certify to the passage of this resolution and thereupon and thereafter the same shall be in full force and effect. APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 18th day of April, 1989. ATTEST: BRUCE V. MALKENHORST, City Clerk -3- LEONIS C. MALBURG, :Mayor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 STATE OF CALIFORNIA ) )ss COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) I, BRUCE V. MALKENHORST, City Clerk of the City of Ver- non, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution, being Resolution No. 5609, was duly adopted by the City Council of the City of Vernon, and was approved by the Mayor of said City at a regular meeting of the City Council held on. Tuesday, April 18, 1989. (SEAL) -4- /////.Y/ BRUCE V. MALKENHORST, City Clerk TABLE OF CONTENTS FORWARD INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL PLAN 1.1 Description of the City of Vernon 1.2 The Purpose of the General Plan 1.3 Organization of the General Plan Page LAND USE ELEMENT 1.0 Introduction LU -1 1.1 State Requirements LU -1 1.2 Issues and Opportunities LU -3 2.0 Proposals LU -6 2.1 The Land Use Designations LU -6 2.2 Relationship of Land Use Policy to LU -14 Zoning Ordinance 2.3 Land Use Policy LU -15 2.4 Summary of Goals and Policies LU -18 3.0 Goals and Policies LU -19 INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 1.0 Introduction 1.1 State Requirements 1.2 Issues and Opportunities: Circulaton 1.3 Issues and Opportunities: Utilities 2.0 Proposals 2.1 Street Classification Standards 2.2 Circulation Plan 2.3 Other Transportation Systems 2.4 Water and Sewer System 3.0 Goals and Policies INF -1 INF -1 INF -3 INF -10 INF -11 INF -11 INF -16 INF -20 INF -21 INF -22 Table of Contents (Continued) HOUSING ELEMENT 1.0 Introduction 1.1 State Requirements 1.2 Supplemental Documents 2.0 Housing Plan 2.1 Summary of Housing Needs 2.2 Constraints of Housing Development 2.3 Housing Opportunities 3.0 Goals, Policies and Programs 3.1 Goals and Policies 3.2 Programs 4.0 Addendum: Preservation of Assisted Housing H -1 H -1 H -3 H -4 H -4 H -19 H -25 H -34 H -35 H -37 H -38 SAFETY ELEMENT 1.0 Introduction S -1 1.1 State Requirements S -1 1.2 Issues and Opportunities S -3 2.0 Proposals S -5 2.1 Environmental Risk S -5 2.2 Summary of Goals and Policies S -12 3.0 Goals and Policies S -13 NATURAL RESOURCES ELEMENT 1.0 Introduction 1.1 State Requirements 1.2 Issues and Opportunities 2.0 Proposals 2.1 Summary of Goals and Policies 3.0 Goals and Policies NR -1 NR -1 NR -3 NR -6 NR -6 NR -9 Table of Contents Page (Continued) NOISE ELEMENT 1.0 Introduction N -1 1.1 State Requirements N -1 1.2 Issues and Opportunities N -3 2.0 Proposals N-8 3.0 Goals and Policies N -11 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page LU -1 Existing Land Uses LU -4 LU -2 Land Use Zoning Relationships LU -6 LU -3 General Plan Land Use Designations LU -9 INF -1 Railway Interruption Summary INF -5 H -1 Projected Population and Housing Growth H -5 H -2 Housing Characteristics H -6 H -3 Units in Structure/Housing Tenure H -7 H -4 Reported Employee Income Distribution H -10 H -5 Affordability of Residential Development in the H -12 Market Area H -6 Income and Rent Limits for Assisted Housing H -13 H -7 Characteristics of Undeveloped and Underutil- H -27 ized Sites H -8 Locational Characteristics for Undeveloped and H -28 Underutilized Sites H -9 Residential Service Characteristics H -32 S -1 Level /Scope of Risk S -6 N -1 Land Use Noise Compatibility Matrix ` N -6 LIST OF FIGURES Firure Title Page I -1 Regional Map I -2 I -2 General Plan Consistency Matrix I -9 LU -1 Land Use Policy Map LU -7 INF -1 Existing Traffic Conditions INF -4 INF -2 Street Classification Standards INF -12 INF -3 Circulation Plan INF -19 H -1 Potential Housing Sites H -26 H -2 Residential Service Facility Locations H -31 S -1 Evacuation Routes S -10 NR -1 Open Space Areas NR -4 N -1 CNEL Noise Contours and Measurement N -4 Locations Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 FOREWORD The revised and updated plan was prepared over a period of more than two years. A citizens advisory committee par- ticipated in this process. Public hearings were held by the City Council on December 15, 1987 and March 15, 1988, and various property owners and others spoke regarding the General Plan and the proposed Zoning Ordinance required to implement the Plan. After receiving the comments made at the hearings, the Council decided to close the public hearings. The Council then directed that modifications be made to the plan and the proposed zoning ordinance which will implement the plan. In addition, a special study regarding the feasibility of additional housing in Vernon was prepared. Finally, an environmental impact report was prepared addressing the environmental issues related to the proposed general plan and the zoning ordinance. Hearings were conducted by the Council on the Draft En- vironmental Impact Report on April 4, 1989, and on the General Plan on April 18, 1989. The Plan was adopted fol- lowing the public hearing on April 18, 1989. Foreword I Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Revisions to the various elements are made as required to respond to changes in policies or programs or changes in state law. Each page contains a date at the top of the page to indicate the latest date of amendment to material contained on that page. Maps and graphic materials also contain the date of the latest modification. All amendments to the Plan are made in accord with California law and are incorporated in the Plan document only after public hearings and adoption by the City Council. Foreword 2 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL PLAN 1.1 Description of the City of Vernon Vernon is located near the geographic center of metropolitan Los Angeles County. The City is bounded on the north and west by Los Angeles, on the east by Commerce and Bell, and on the south by Huntington Park and Maywood. Vernon is three miles southeast of downtown Los Angeles and 15 miles north of the major harbor and port facilities in San Pedro (Figure I -1). The City is located within two miles of four major freeways and is the site of Hobart Yard, which is a major rail terminal for Los Angeles. The City's location in the second largest market in the nation and its proximity to the center of the region's transportation network have been major factors in attracting new industry in the past and continue to be assets today. Introduction 1 Simi Freeway Hwy 118 Ventura Freeway Santa Monica 0 0 Los Angeles Santa Monica Fwy Inglewoodi>, ocs 0 co- ae Ft" San Bernardino Fwy Pomona Freeway 0 VERNON cti Q) �i r > S r' 0 a L -7 � 4) A, O k.: ~czb 4= 17, J L 11111 Whittier 0 _405 c�v co Long Beach San Pedro miles 4/18/89 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Vernon is unusual among cities in California and in the nation because of its specialized, industrial character. There are a number of cities in California which are designated for in- dustrial use, but most have a mix of uses including commercial and residential development. As an exclusively industrial city, Vernon is able to focus on the needs and desires of the industrial community and should therefore enjoy a competi- tive advantage over jurisdictions which must divide resources among a variety of land uses. Wherever possible, this docu- ment highlights the role of Vernon in the region and compares it to nearby jurisdictions and to other predominantly in- dustrial cities. Industry in the United States has experienced a great deal of change over the past decade as a result of technological advances, environmental regulations, the increasing cost of labor and raw materials, and the increasing cost of energy and petroleum based products. In addition, the physical plants of many major industries were built more than forty years ago. Minor adjustments and renovation are no longer effective and many industries face major capital investments to overhaul their facilities. To some extent, the changes in industry in Vernon are reflective of these trends in industries nationwide, and the City can benefit from the experiences of others out- side California. This General Plan is intended to guide future development in Vernon to encourage rehabilitation of in- dustrial properties and to thereby continue to promote Ver- non as a city suitable for all types of industry. Introduction 3 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 1.2 The Purpose of the General Plan State law requires that each city and county prepare and adopt a comprehensive, long -range plan to serve as a guide for the physical development of that jurisdiction. The plan must consist of an integrated and internally consistent set of goals, policies and implementation measures addressing seven issue areas (land use, circulation, housing, noise, safety, conserva- tion and open space). The State Legislature in Government Code Section 65302 identifies the required components of each of the seven elements that every county and city must include in its General Plan. The following descriptions sum- marize the requirements outlined in the State General Plan Guidelines: Land Use The Land Use Element must designate the general loca- Element tion, distribution, and extent of the various-land uses proposed for that particular jurisdiction. The Element must clearly identify standards for population density and building intensity for each land use category. The Land Use Element must also identify those areas that may be prone to flooding. Infrastructure The Infrastructure Element must identify the general Element location and the extent of the existing and proposed road- ways, highways, railroads and transit routes, terminals, and public utilities and facilities. Housing The Housing Element must identify the existing and Element projected housing needs and establish goals, policies, ob- jectives, and programs for the preservation, improvement, and development of housing to meet the needs of all economic sectors of the community. Conservation The Conservation Element provides for the conservation, Element development, and use of natural resources including water, forest, soils, rivers, lakes, harbors, fisheries, wildlife, minerals, and other natural resources. Introduction 4 T Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Open Space The Open Space Element details plans and measures for Element the preservation of open space as well as the preservation and management of natural resources, outdoor recrea- tion, and public health and safety. Noise The Noise Element examines noise sources and provides Element information which may be used in setting land use policies to encourage noise - compatible uses and to aid in the establishment and subsequent enforcement of a local noise ordinance. Safety The Safety Element establishes standards and plans for Element the protection of the community from a variety of hazards, including fire and geologic. The Legislature, in 1985, eliminated the requirement for a separate seismic safety element. The statute now requires components of the seismic safety element to be incorporated into the Safety Element. In addition, the plan may address other issues of concern to the community and provide direction for their integration with the seven mandatory elements of the General Plan. The State law provides some flexibility in the preparation of the plan, allowing for the combining of elements so long as the content requirements for the mandatory elements are met. Figure I -2 illustrates how the six elements contained in the Vernon General Plan address the seven required General Plan issue areas. The General Plan has been an important component in local planning for many years though the specific requirements associated with General Plans have changed over time. Many of these changes involve definitions or interpretations of the general plan process resulting from litigation which sought to clarify certain requirements of the General Plan. Other chan- ges were the result of the legislative process or through popular referendum. Introduction 5 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Vernon is a charter city and as such has some flexibility in responding to the requirements of State law. However, the General Plan must conform to the following requirements: o The General Plan must provide a consistent data base and set of projections for all of the parts of the Plan; o The Plan must be written in a clear, concise format, easi- ly understood by the public; Each part of the General Plan must be internally consis- tent and all parts must be mutually consistent; and o All capital improvements and public works projects, must be consistent with the General Plan. The goals and policies presented in this General Plan are the result of a substantial amount of data collection, evaluation, and analysis. This data and analysis are presented in the Background Report. Staff of City departments with expertise in each issue area assisted in the plan preparation by providing data and reviewing our analysis and conclusions. The con- clusions drawn from the data analysis are briefly presented at the outset of each element of the General Plan. Introduction 6 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 1.3 Organization of the General Plan The General Plan is a policy document and consists of the elements mandated by California law and any optional ele- ments. The elements are adopted by the City Council in accord with California law. The relationship between these elements and State law requirements is shown on Figure I -2. The General Plan is supported by: Background The Background Report which contains all of the techni- Report cal data on existing conditions and development trends in the City and other data and analyses required by Califor- nia law to support the preparation and revision of the General Plan; MEA The Master Environmental Assessment which sum - marizes the existing environment in Vernon; and FEIR The Final Environmental Impact Report which analyzes the impacts of the Plan. The individual elements in the General Plan document are divided into four sections: Introduction, Issues and Oppor- tunities, Proposals, and Goals and Policies. The Introduction describes how the particular element meets the statutory requirements. The Issues and Opportunities section iden- tifies the specific problems, opportunities, and issues iden- tified in the Background Report and provides the justification of further action on the part of the City. The implications of these policies and goals are summarized under "Proposals." Finally, the Goals and Policies section contains the individual goals and policies of that particular element. Goals are very broad statements of purpose that reflect a general consensus of the community and local government. The policies provide a more detailed elaboration of how the City proposes to fulfill the goals. Because Vernon has several distinct districts with Introduction 7 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 distinct development types and use characteristics, policies have been tailored to reflect this whenever possible. A detailed discussion of the specific actions proposed to assist in the realization of the City's goals and policies is contained in the Implementation Program. The following is an illustra- tion of the structure of the Goals and Policies component of the individual elements. GOAL 1 A BROAD STATEMENT OF PURPOSE THAT IS A REFLECTION OF THE GENERAL CONSENSUS OF THE COMMUNITY. POLICY 1.1: A more detailed elaboration of the way in which the goal is to become reality. Specific measures designed to implement the stated policies and the goals are identified in the implementation plan. Introduction 8 0 0 cj o L State Law Madated Elements 6/16/92 Figure 1 -2 General Plan Consistency Matrix Intrndiirtinn LAND USE CIRCULATION 0 z � D o z CONSERVATION OPEN SPACE w w O z SAFETY LAND USE • INFRASTRUCTURE • HOUSING NATURAL RESOURCES • • NOISE • SAFETY • 6/16/92 Figure 1 -2 General Plan Consistency Matrix Intrndiirtinn r Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 LAND USE ELEMENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 State Requirements The Land Use Element is concerned with the physical development of the City and its appearance. This element designates future land use patterns and specifies the ap- propriate density and intensity of development. In addition, the Land Use Element addresses an overall framework for implementation of the City's land use goals. The City of Vernon Land Use Element meets the State requirements for the inclusion of a land use element into the General Plan. Section 65302(a) of the Government Code states in part that the land use element must contain the following: a. A designation of the proposed general location, distribu- tion, and extent of land uses including land for housing, business, industry, open space, agriculture, natural resour- ces, recreation, solid and liquid waste disposal facilities, public facilities, and other categories of land use; Land Use Element 1 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 b. A statement concerning the standards of population den- sity and building intensity recommended in those areas covered by this plan; and c. The identification of areas subject to flooding. The land use element is the central element of the General Plan, and the goals and policies it contains have a common link to the other elements. The land use element, wherever appropriate, relies on maps and diagrams to identify the patterns of land use the com- munity seeks to establish through the element. Land Use Element 2 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 1.2 Issues and Opportunities Vernon is located near the geographic center of metropolitan Los Angeles County south of downtown Los Angeles. The City lies within two miles of four major freeways and is the site of Hobart Yard, a major rail terminal for Los Angeles. The Los Angeles River runs through the northeasterly part of the City. The City's location at the center of the transportation network for the second largest market in the nation has contributed to its success as an industrial center, and these factors continue to attract such land uses to Vernon. The City of Vernon was planned as an industrial city when it was incorporated in 1905. At that time, the City's land use policy was established as the promotion and advancement of manufacturing industries. Other land uses were and still are subsidiary and are permitted as long as they "respect the rights of manufacturing interests." This orientation is clearly reflected in the distribution of land uses shown in Table LU -1. The table further indicates that the City is entirely built out with only a few scattered vacant parcels. Vernon was formerly one of the few cities in the region which welcomed industry and designed its services to accommodate it. However, changes in the laws relating to the financing of local government have caused many cities to increase their commercial and industrial land uses. Some jurisdictions are offering substantial incentives to attract industries to their communities, and Vernon must respond to a change in its competitive position. Land Use Element 3 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Table LU -1 Existing Land Uses LAND USE ACRES PERCENT TOTAL Manufacturing 1,221.00 37.7% Warehousing 488.00 15.1% Trucking 383.00 11.8% Retail 22.00 0.7% Commercial 55.00 1.7% City 42.00 1.3% Residential 0.61 0.0% Streets, Railroad ROW 962.00 29.7% and Spur Lines, Utilities ROW, Los Angeles River Vacant 64.00 2.0% TOTAL 3,238.00* 100.0% *Total has been rounded. Source: Community Services Department 1985 Survey (8.1 -5) Land Use Element 4 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Most of the development in Vernon occurred in the early part of this century. Although there has been continual upgrading of facilities to meet the changing needs of industry, numerous buildings in the City are not well suited to the needs of modern industry. They tend to lack off - street employee and visitor parking, adequate loading facilities for larger trucks, and specialized safety and ventilation features. In some areas the lots are too small to permit changes to be made. As a result of these factors, there has been a change in the types of firms locating in Vernon. The numbers of manufac- turing, retail, and wholesale trade uses have declined while transportation- related uses and warehousing have increased. The latter uses increase the volume of trucks using already crowded local streets, reduce City revenues from taxes, and fail to efficiently use City utility services. The implications of this shift are discussed in the background reports for the elements. Land Use Element 5 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 2.0 PROPOSALS 2.1 The Land Use Designation The land use distribution which is shown on the Land Use Policy Map (Figure LU -1) is designed to achieve the goals of the Land Use Element, namely to preserve manufacturing as the primary land use in Vernon and to encourage revitaliza- tion of aging buildings and infrastructure. This map serves as a general guide for development by indicating appropriate locations for certain types of land use and by spelling out the maximum intensity of land use permitted. The City Zoning Ordinance and map will serve as the primary implementation tool for the land use map by providing more definitive regula- tions for development standards and land use. Table LU -2 illustrates the relationship between land use designations and zone districts. Table LU -2 Land Use /Zoning Relationship Land Use Designation Corresponding Zone District General Industrial Heavy Industrial Commercial /Industrial Public Facilities Slaughtering Overlay Rendering Overlay General Industrial (M) Heavy Industrial (M -2) Commercial /Industrial (C -M) Any Zone District Slaughtering Overlay (S) Rendering Overly (R) Land Use Element 6 25th Street mil I■ \�_ :c *ii :■11■ ■\ft- . �■I ■■■■■■■ . iI ■■■11■■■w■■b ∎; "AM■■■■■■b.,_ ■ ■ I LLILLLLLLL ■OI■■■■11 ■ ■ ■ ■�ri��- �.�_._ �■■■■■ ■ ■■■ ■■■■ ■■11 ■■11■■. ■ l LL`L`LLLLL 1111■1111■ ■1111■ ■ ■11■ ■■ ■ ■ ■■ ■■■■11 ■■■■1111■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■e ■e■ 1■1111■■■�■■■111111■■11■■■■ ■■ ■1111 ■1111■■ We■■■■■11■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■11■■■11MM■■11■■■■■11e■■e■■■■■■ ■■I■■�e■11■■11■■■■11■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■11■■11■■■■ 1111■■■■■ ■ ■ ■■ mumu e■■.* ■wmw ■■■■■e mm wwwmomm ::. \■■■■e■■■■■■■■■e■■■■■■ ■ ■■■■■■11■ =11■■11■■11m 37th Street L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Z= L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Vernon Avenue L`L`L`LLLL Pacific Vernon Avenue EMI • a) in a o a. E m Leonis Boulevard Fruitland Avenue Alcoa Avenue Slauson Avenue Pandoloh St -\)NONEr G ICI RAL f 'LAIC I North 0 1500 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 The Land Use Element designates four categories of land uses. These designations are based on (1) existing land use patterns, (2) the capacity of existing infrastructure to accom- modate each type of land use, and (3) the goal of maximizing the industrial use of existing buildings and facilities. The land use categories are described below and summarized on Table LU -3. General Industrial This designation covers approximately two - thirds of the land in the City and is envisioned as continuing to accom- modate the bulk of the varied manufacturing, assembling and wholesaling uses in the City. In addition, hazardous waste processors, trash to energy facilities, and solid and liquid waste disposal facilities are permitted in those areas of the City designated as "General Industrial" upon the issuance of a conditional use permit (CUP). Commercial uses which serve industry may be permitted in this area. Transportation related uses (truck terminals, freight transfer, etc.), refineries, rendering plants, junk yards and warehouses with over 50,000 gross square feet which are not accessory to a manufacturing use are prohibited in this area. Slaughtering operations may be permitted in parts of this area with a conditional use permit to assure accept- able traffic flows and reduce conflicts with neighboring uses. Pressing and stamping operations and land uses which produce noise in excess of 70 dBA or which produce vibrations in excess of 0.02 inches per second at the property line may be permitted in this area with a condi- tional use permit. For all uses within this land use designation, the maximum permitted intensity of development is a floor area ratio (FAR) of 2.0:1.0. i.e., the floor area of buildings on the lot may equal up to 2 times the lot area. Land Use Element 8 I • Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Table LU -3 General Plan Land Use Designations Land Use Designation Acreage (a) % of Total Maximum Floor Area Ration (b)(c) General lndustrial 1,259 38.9 2.0:1 Heavy Induss.rial 815 25.2 2.0:1 Commercial /Industrial 162 5.0 4.0:1 Public Facilities 188 5.8 N/A SUBTOTAL 2,424 74.9 Streets, Railroad 814 25.1 N/A ROW, Utilities ROW, Los Angeles River (i.e., balance of City) TOTAL 3,238 100.0 -- Notes: (a) Acreages for General Industrial, Heavy Industrial, Commercial /Industrial and Public Facilities land use designations reflect developable land exclusive of streets, utility easements, the river channel, etc. However, railroad spur lines are included in the total. (b) The Floor Area Ratio (FAR) is the ratio of the gross floor area of a structure to the area of the lot. The floor area ratio reflects the allowable intensity of development for each land use category. The FARs are based on existing development patterns and infrastructure capacity in the areas covered by each designation. (c) Parking structures satisfying the parking requirements of the City are not considered part of the "floor area" for purposes of calculating the FAR. N/A - Not applicable. ROW - Rights -of -way. Land Use Element 9 Heavy Industrial Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Residential uses are permitted but are constrained by the environmental conditions which make the location of housing in the City undesirable. Future housing is ex- pected to consist primarily of caretaker units related to businesses and housing for public safety personnel. Max- imum density shall be one unit per 5,000 square feet for single units or one unit per 4,000 square feet for multiple units. Population per dwelling unit is expected to remain at 2.5 persons per unit. The area covered by this designation includes the north- eastern portion of the City -- largely north of the Los An- geles River. Streets in the area can generally accommodate larger "interstate" trucks, and the larger lot sizes make it possible to design facilities to minimize adverse effects on neighboring properties. The purpose of this land use designation is to encourage certain types of industrial activities that require larger lot areas, involve trucking related activity, or generate noise, odors, or other impacts that might adversely impact neighboring uses, to locate in areas of the City which can accommodate them easily. Heavy industry will normally be defined to include firms which extensively utilize interstate and other trucks, produce noise levels in excess of 70 dBA or vibrations in excess of 0.02 inches per second (but not to exceed 0.05 inches per second at the property line), or produce objec- tionable odors. Firms which use large presses or land uses which produce noise in excess, of 70 dBA or vibrations in excess of 0.02 to 0.05 inches per second at the property line may be permitted in this area with a conditional use permit. Industrial activities permitted in the areas designated as "General Industrial" are permitted in the areas designated for "Heavy Industry", although a conditional use permit may be required for certain uses. This includes hazardous Land Use Element 10 L. i i i i i i i 1 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 waste processors, trash to energy facilities, and solid and liquid waste disposal facilities. Transportation - related uses (defined by the Standard Industrial Classification manual, Division E) are permitted with a conditional use permit. Residential uses are permitted subject to the same use and intensity standards established for the "General Industrial" land use designation Maximum permitted building intensity for all uses within the "Heavy Industrial" designation shall be 2.0:1.0 FAR. Commercial / Areas designated for this land use already have a substan- Industrial tial number of businesses which serve industrial uses and their employees; i.e., banks, restaurants, convenience stores, stationers, print shops, and light industry. The designation of Santa Fe Avenue for these uses reflects existing patterns and recognizes the important but secon- dary role of these uses in the community. These busi- nesses will generate very little truck traffic (less than 20 percent of the average daily trips generated). Retail and wholesale commercial uses are permitted as accessory uses to the principal industrial use in any area. However, this land use designation is intended for busi- nesses which serve industrial uses or their employees but are not associated with a particular firm. Industrial or manufacturing uses are also permitted in this area; how- ever, hazardous waste processors, trash to energy facilities, trash transfer stations, transportation - related uses and refineries are not permitted. Maximum per- mitted building intensity for all non - residential uses shall be 4.0:1.0 FAR. Residential uses are permitted subject to the same use and intensity standards established for the "General In- dustrial" designation. Land Use Element 11 i i i 1 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Facilities/ The public facilities designation refers to those land uses Institutional that are operated and maintained for the public benefit, welfare, or use. Permitted public facilities include educa- tional facilities, utilities, and other government buildings or open space areas. Residential uses are permitted sub- ject to the standards for residential development specified in the "General Industrial" designation. Although residential uses may be established anywhere in the City subject to the described development restrictions, land use policy does not encourage or call for the expan- sion of land devoted exclusively for residential uses. The majority of the existing residential uses are in areas desig- nated for public facilities. The population of the City is not anticipated to substantially increase or decrease with the implementation of the goals and policies of the General Plan since a limited number of additional housing units are proposed or planned. Although the land use policy specifies a maximum floor area ratio, performance standards may limit individual site development and will determine the maximum building intensity. In addition to the four land use designations, the Land Use Element also provides for two overlay districts that further implement the goals and policies. The purpose of the two overlay districts is to designate specific areas of the City for certain types of and uses with unique characteristics. The industrial uses included in the overlay districts are often responsible for excessive noise, odors or other impacts that might adversely affect a neighboring business. The im- plementation of a zoning overlay district will permit these businesses to continue operation in the City, while at the same time, protecting neighbors from their unpleasant side effects. The two overlay districts are: Land Use Element 12 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 "S" (Slaughtering) The "S" Overlay District is intended to indicate the ap- Overlay District propriate locations for activities involving the slaughter- ing of animals. The area so designated includes all existing slaughtering uses. "R" (Rendering) Overlay District The "R" Overlay District designates those areas of the City where rendering facilities, fertilizer facilities, junk yards and recycling facilities are permitted. Land Use Element 13 i 1 i 1 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 2.2 Relationship of Land Use Policy to Zoning Ordinance The City of Vernon Zoning Ordinance is the primary im- plementation tool for the goals and policies contained in the Land Use Element. Both the Land Use Element and the Zoning Ordinance are concerned with identifying the dis- tribution and intensity of land uses in the community. Both rely on maps to illustrate the areas designated for a particular use or zone. The spatial distribution of land uses included on the zoning map is similar to those uses displayed on the maps contained in the General Plan. The two maps are not required to be identical since the zoning map must be very specific while the General Plan maps are more general in nature. The City of Vernon General Plan is a long -range plan which will guide future development in the City into the next cen- tury. The Zoning Ordinance, responds to the more immedi- ate land use requirements of the community while gradually fulfilling the land use policies contained in the General Plan. Land Use Element 14 2.3 Land Use Policy 1 i i i i i Planning Area I 1 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 The City of Vernon was planned as an industrial city when it was incorporated in 1905. The reasons of incorporation out- lined in Resolution No. 4, which was adopted in 1905, estab- lished the City's land use policy as the promotion and advancement of manufacturing industries while allowing other land uses to locate within the City as long as they "respect the rights of manufacturing industries," and the es- tablishment of a liberal policy towards manufacturing inter- ests. These policies have continued to the present day with the zoning ordinance, until 1987, containing a single zoning clas- sification of industrial uses. The Land Use Policy Map, presented in Figure LU -1, provides a spatial representation of the goals and policies contained in this General Plan. The map indicates ap- propriate locations for generalized types of land use. In order to establish more detailed land use policy, the City of Vernon is divided into nine planning areas with the boundaries of each being delineated by major streets, topographical barriers, and concentrations of similar types of land uses or activities. Fig - ure I -1 indicates the planning area boundaries. The distinct characteristics of the individual planning areas are explained in detail in the Background Report for the Land Use Element. Land use policies for these areas are set forth in the following paragraphs. The major portion of the planning area is designated general industrial. Land use policy for the balance of the planning area provides for the retention of the existing public facilities located west of the intersection of Vernon Avenue /Santa Fe Avenue. These public uses include the Civic Center, homes located behind the Civic Center along Furlong Place and St. Marta's Church. Vernon Elementary School is also shown continuing in the future, although it would be better located away from the noise, traffic, and air pollution associated with industry. Com- Land Use Element 15 i i 1 i Planning Area 2 Planning Area 3 Planning Area 4 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 mercial uses, including financial, food service, and retail establishments will be permitted along Santa Fe Avenue. Virtually all of this planning area is designated for general industrial uses with the exception of that portion of the planning area adjacent to Santa Fe Avenue which should also support accessory commercial uses. The existing uses in this planning area are generally consistent with those proposed by the General Plan. This planning area is located in the north central portion of the City and is generally bounded by Vernon Avenue on the south, the Santa Fe Railroad on the west, and the Los Angeles River Channel on the east and north. The planning area has been designated "General Industrial." The location, type, and distribution of existing land uses are generally consistent with those proposed by the General Plan. Planning Area 4 is located in the geographic center of the City and is bounded on the north by Vernon Avenue, Fruitland Avenue on the south, the AT & SF Railroad on the west, and by Downey Road on the east. Manufacturing types of activities predominate, although there are numerous warehousing and transportation- related uses located in the planning area. Food processing activity is concentrated in an area north of 44th and 45th Streets and is part of the concentration of such industries identified in Planning Area 3. Land uses proposed for Planning Area 4 are almost ex- clusively general industrial with the exception of that por- tion of the planning area north of 44th and 45th Streets. Planning Area 5 Land use policy for this planning area, which includes the southcentral portion of the City south of Fruitland Avenue Land Use Element 16 : 1 L Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 and west of Downey Road, designates the area in its entirety as "General Industrial." Planning Area 6 Planning Area 6 consists of that portion of the City north and east of the Los Angeles River Channel and west of Downey Road. This planning area is designated as "Heavy Industry" which allows for warehousing and transportation uses. Planning Area 7 Planning Area 7 includes the northeastern portion of the City north of 26th Street with the majority of the planning area consisting of the Hobart Yards railroad facility. The General Plan designation for the entire planning area is "Heavy Industrial ", which allows for a continuation of the existing transportation - related uses. Planning Area 8 This planning area includes that portion of the City north of the Los Angeles River Channel and south of 26th Street. The entire planning area is planned for heavy industry to make provisions for a wide range of uses, including warehousing and transportation related ac- tivities subject to approval of a CUP. These uses are appropriate for this planning area due to its proximity to regional transportation facilities (Long Beach Freeway and the Hobart Yards) and the number of large parcels. Planning Area 9 Planning Area 9 includes the easternmost portion of the City (east of Downey Road) located south of the Los Angeles River Channel. The entire area is designated "General Industrial." Access to the areas west of Atlantic and east of Downey Road is not good and many lots do not have adequate off - street parking and loading facilities. Most of the existing activities consist of smaller to medium -sized firms. The City will discourage the location of intensive and transportation- related uses in this area unless improvements are made to ensure adequate access, fire protection, and buffering of adjacent uses. Land Use Element 17 7 1 a_1 i 1 I i I i i i 1 1 2.4 Summary of Goals and Policies Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 A major component of the Land Use Element concerns the description of land uses and the land use policy which desig- nates the appropriate location for those uses. The General Plan land use designations were described in detail in Section 2.1 and the appropriate location for those uses described in Section 2.2. This section provides a summary of the goals and policies contained in this element. The thrust of the Land Use Element is twofold. First, the goals and policies determine the City will promote and main- tain the industrial character of the City and second, encourage the modernization, replacement, or reuse of the older in- dustrial facilities. The implementation of the goals and policies designed to upgrade the existing industrial facilities and the infrastructure serving those areas will require a significant capital invest- ment. Revenues may be generated through the formation of a Redevelopment Agency and subsequent redevelopment activity. To achieve the goal of revitalizing aging industrial facilities, areas which might best benefit from such activity must be identified. Some areas of the City have infrastructure deficiencies or land use patterns which indicate that redevelopment would be appropriate. These and other areas may be considered in the redevelopment/ revitalization ef- forts. The land use policy described in this element will be applied to these areas. Land Use Element 18 i i 1 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 3.0 GOALS AND POLICIES The following goals and policies reflect the wishes and desires of the City of Vernon with respect to land uses, their distribu- tion, density, and intensity. Other elements contain goals and policies that expand upon and complement those in the Land Use Element. GOAL 1 PROMOTE AND MAINTAIN MANUFACTURING AS THE PRIMARY LAND USE WITHIN THE CITY POLICY 1.1: Provide sufficient appropriate locations for manufacturing and industrial uses and provide for the loca- tion of those activities which support manufacturing (e.g., warehousing and transportation- related uses) in areas where they will not interfere or compete for space with manufactur- ing operations. POLICY 1.2: Designate sufficient land for commercial uses which are necessary to support industry, in areas where they will not interfere with industrial operations. POLICY 1.3: Continue to permit residential development which supports industry provided that environmental con- straints can be mitigated to an acceptable level. POLICY 1.4: Continue to- maintain and upgrade City ser- vices, utilities, and infrastructure to levels required by modern industry. GOAL 2 ENCOURAGE THE MODERNIZATION OR REPLACE- MENT AND REUSE OF AGING INDUSTRIAL BUILD- INGS AND SITES POLICY 2.1: Require private upgrading of off - street parking and loading facilities as a part of any planned improvements. Land Use Element 19 'I i I i Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 POLICY 2.2: Encourage cooperative solutions (among neighboring firms or public - private ventures) to provide re- quired offstreet parking. POLICY 2.3: Continue to enforce all applicable building and health and safety codes. POLICY 2.4: Explore the potential of greater city involve- ment in encouraging revitalization of industrial structures through the use of redevelopment and bonding powers. Land Use Element 20 ri INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 State Requirements Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 The Infrastructure Element contains the City's goals for the long -term maintenance and improvement of streets, storm drainage, sewer, and water systems that will be necessary to support the development envisioned by the Land Use Policy Map of this General Plan in a safe and efficient fashion. This element will serve as a guide for public improvements as they relate to the long -range growth process in the City of Vernon. The State law requires every general plan to contain a circula- tion element. This Infrastructure Element fulfills the re- quirements for a circulation element. The element must contain, at a minimum, the "general location and extent of existing and proposed major thoroughfares, transportation routes, terminals, and other public utilities and facilities, all correlated with the land use element of the general plan" (Section 653002(b)). The General Plan Guidelines identify certain features that may be important to the community. Infrastructure Element 1 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Those items mentioned in the General Plan Guidelines that are of particular concern to the City of Vernon include: o Streets and highways; o Parking facilities; o Transit and rapid transit; o Railroads; o Paratransit (e.g., carpooling, van pooling, and taxi ser- vice); and o Utilities transmission facilities. The Infrastructure Element addresses transportation- related issues as well as the continued maintenance and expansion of the sewer system, water system, and utilities to meet the future needs of the City. The Infrastructure Element is structured so that General Plan goals and policies related to circulation are considered separately from those related to other public facilities. Infrastructure Element 2 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 1.2 Issues and Opportunities: Circulation Although Vernon is located in proximity to three freeways and is served by two major rail lines, access and traffic con- gestion are increasingly cited as problems by local officials and businesses. The source of the problem is in the age of the improvements or lack of improvements and changes in the types and volumes of traffic serving industry in the City (Fig- ure INF -1 shows the existing street system and traffic condi- tions). Existing conditions and opportunities for improvement in- clude: 1. All of the freeways in the Vernon area are operating at or over capacity during rush hours. This causes traffic to back up on to local streets. Freeway interchanges in the Vernon area were not designed to modern standards. Short, steep ramps with sharp curves slow traffic access to the freeway (particularly for large trucks), cause conges- tion and may cause accidents in the ramp areas. A jointly sponsored study by several cities is underway to construct a new full interchange at Slauson Avenue and the Long Beach Freeway. Implementation of such an interchange is designed to provide relief to area -wide arterial circulation and may have particular benefit to existing congestion at the Atlantic /Bandini interchange. In addition, the City is undertaking a specific study of the Atlantic /Bandini interchange to determine if some ramp modifications to improve circulation are feasible. This modification would provide a direct southbound slip off - ramp to westbound Bandini rather than the existing loop off -ramp which requires a left -turn at a traffic signal at the terminus of the ramp. The City is also investigating the feasibility of a direct connection between Bandini and Infrastn[c[ure Element 3 25th St. GELES r -ST © Santa Fe Ave Between Washington Blvd and 23rd St IRE ET.. N0.] I / Bandini BI 4/ N G E L E S Vernon A -PA( -"' - Leonis B Fruitland Ave 11:31.213 1 -1 Ial �' 53R0 ° 16 �J m .1' 54TN y� U Fr- i 56F U .1" a. as IL ,iii FRU /TL AND CITY OF HUNTINGTON PARK L .SEARS -IPVT1 CITY OF HUNTINGTON PARK 58 r4 sr Slauson Southern R.R. 1 VE- RNONfl NI RAC PLAf North T 0 1500 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Table INF -1 Railway Interruption Summary LOCATION SLAUSON AT ALAMEDA ALAMEDA AT VERNON SANTA FE (BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND 23RD) 37TH - E/O SANTA FE DURATION BACK -UP BACK-UP OF DELAY QUEUE QUEUE ARRIVALS (MINUTES) (VEHICLES) (VEHICLES) 10:30 AM :40 4 NB 12 SB 11:30 AM 1:10 11 NB 17 SB 4:51 PM :35 33 EB 25 WB 5:40 PM 9:00 57 NB 75+ SB 5:39 PM 0:24 8 EB 14 WB 8:07 AM 6:02 71 NB 56 SB 8:35 AM 4:20 62 NB 64 SB 10:04 AM 5:07 77 NB 51 SB 11:07 AM 12:17 181 NB 152 SB 11:42 AM 5:18 71 NB 48 SB 12:19 PM 2:03 42 NB 30 SB 12:30 PM 1:57 33 NB 22 SB 12:46 PM 2:20 19 NB 27 SB 1:10 PM 4:10 56 NB 41 SB 4:08 PM 1:08 21 NB 14 SB 4:13 PM 1:36 23 NB 12 SB 4:17 PM :33 25 NB 20 SB 5:04 PM :26 11 NB 7 SB 5:07 PM 9:01 131 NB 110 SB 5:48 PM 1:42 31 NB 42 SB 6:02 PM 5:12 53 NB 62 SB 8:11 AM 1:03 8 WB 10 EB 8:28 AM :40 5 WB 4 EB 9:09 AM 6:05 52 WB 75 EB 9:22 AM 3:30 25 WB 36 EB 9:27 AM 1:00 8WB 7EB 10:05 AM 4:10 21 WB 18 EB 10:25 AM 3:45 •32 WB 40 EB 10:31 AM :40 0 WB 3 EB 10:38 AM 1:15 5 WB 6 EB 10:40 AM 2:20 11 WB 15 EB 10:45 AM :10 1 WB 2 EB 10:55 AM :40 5 WB 6 EB 11:00 AM :30 1 WB 2 EB 11:04 AM 2:25 18 WB 26 EB 11:08 AM :45 4 WB 3 EB 11:09 AM :55 5 WB 2 EB 11:11 AM 2 :10 10 WB 8 EB 12:49 PM :40 3 WB 4 EB 1:07 PM :40 10 WB 14 EB 5:24 PM 4:45 26 WB 21 EB Infrastructure Element 5 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Table INF -1 Railway Interruption Summary (Continued) LOCATION ARRIVALS DURATION BACK-UP BACK -UP OF DELAY QUEUE QUEUE (MINUTES) (VELIICLES) (VEHICLES) DOWNEY RD AT BANDINI 8:30 AM 5:35 61 EB 128 WB 9:15 AM 0:36 20 EB 22 WB 10:35 AM 1:15 31 EB 21 WB 12:19 PM 20:01 100 • 235 • 1:32 PM 0:35 11 EB 31 WB 2:49 PM 2:14 21 EB 27 WB 4:02 PM 1:04 14 EB 16 WB 5:26 PM 1:00 17 EB 19 WB DOWNEY RD AT SLAUSON 9:15 AM 1:00 9 EB 12 WB 10:47 AM 1:00 8 EB 30 WB 12:17 PM 4:00 41 EB 48 WB 1:44 PM 1:00 6EB 8WB *Queue based on minimum length actually observed - end of queue extended beyond area under observation and many cars made U -turns etc. Note: NB - North Bound EB - East Bound WB - West Bound SB - South Bound Infrastructure Element 6 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Atlantic in the vicinity of Ayers Avenue. This connection- would afford some traffic movements direct access to /from the Long Beach Freeway by avoiding the Atlantic/Bandini intersection. 2. Most of the railroad crossings in the City are at grade. Vehicular traffic is forced to wait for extended periods when freight trains block streets. Field observation of delays and traffic queues experienced on a routinely daily basis at four (4) of the most heavily traveled railroad crossings is illustrated in Table INF -1. Examination of this information indicates delays exceeding 10 minutes frequently occur and delays exceeding five minutes or more are commonplace. Traffic backups exceeding 200 cars were noted daily with queues of 100 or more com- monplace. The length of time required for vehicles to disburse after the train clears the roadway may be more than double the delay because of traffic congestion at signals and cross streets. Given the relatively high per- centage of commercial vehicles in Vernon (30 percent or more trucks) the value of the time lost, as well as the length of the queue backing up and blocking adjacent intersec- tions is substantial. The longest delays and queues were noted on Santa Fe Avenue where daily queues frequently exceed 100 vehicles (in each direction). However, rela- tively long delays and queues were also observed on 37th Street and Alameda Avenue. The Bandini Blvd/Downey Road intersection adjacent to the Union Pacific lines is also a point of congestion and delay. Each of these points of conflict could be eliminated by a grade separation structure (overcrossing or under - crossing). 3. The Port of Los Angeles wants to improve rail access and increase rail transport to and from the Port. Various studies have been completed projecting substantially in- creased rail traffic and evaluating various existing rail routes for possible improvement and usage. One route, the Alameda Corridor, is of particular concern to the City. Infrastructure Element 7 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 The location of the rail line adjacent to Alameda Street causes a particularly challenging problem in separating rail and vehicular traffic. To avoid major disruption to traffic circulation patterns and to individual site access, the rail line must be completely depressed through the City whether the Alameda Corridor or an alternative route, such as the Wilmington line, is utilized. Rail/vehicular conflict is a significant problem and is one which must be resolved by depressing and separating the rail bed from vehicular traffic on streets. 4. Modern trucks (and especially interstate trucks) are larger and longer than those for which the streets and many loading facilities in Vernon were designed. Manuevering to turn corners, enter and exit firms, and load or unload freight cause frequent traffic congestion- - especially on narrow, older streets. 5. Many of the older structures in Vernon were built to the property line (or sidewalk). As a result, the pos- sibilities for widening these streets to handle the higher traffic volumes and larger trucks are very limited without incurring substantial cost and disruption of businesses. 6. Many of the older businesses in Vernon do not have sufficient off - street parking for their employees and visitors. Many also have no off - street loading docks or their facilities are inadequate. On- street parking and loading contribute to congestion at times completely blocking some of the narrower streets. 7. Some of the designated arterial and collector streets in the City do not meet current design standards in some places. 8. Some rail spur lines are unnecessary, experience limited use and separate properties containing a single Infrastructure Element 8 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 operation or business. Elimination of unnecessary spurs or allowing separated properties to have vehicular access across the rail lines is desirable. 9. Widening streets to meet standards will be difficult given the cost of acquiring right -of -way and relocating buildings and business. These problems are addressed in the goals and policies and in the circulation plan contained in this element. Infrastructure Element 9 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 1.3 Issues and Opportunities: Utilities There are three water purveyors supplying water to the City of Vernon as of 1988. The largest area is served by the City -owned and operated Water Department. This area has both adequate facilities and supply to meet daily and emer- gency needs. However, the extreme southeastern corner of the City (east of Atlantic Blvd.) which is served by a private company, has inadequate water pressure and hydrant spacing to meet emergency needs. The northeastern portion of the City, north of the Los Angeles River (also served by a private company) is deficient in fireflow. Enhancement of these utility operations in some manner is a opportunity for the City. Vernon is located within the boundaries of three Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts. Sewer lines are maintained by the City and are adequate to serve industrial users in all areas except east of Downey Road and south of the Los Angeles River where some capacity improvements are needed. The untreated effluent is directed into the County system for treatment. At this time, County facilities have adequate capacity to handle the effluent. The storm drainage system in Vernon is adequate to handle all storm runoff (except in the area east of Downey Road and south of the Los Angeles River), although in intense storms of short duration localized ponding may occur. Because storm runoff feeds into the Los Angeles River, the City must be particularly careful to monitor and assure quick clean up of chemical spills. City staff monitors both sewers and storm drains to this end. Infrastructure Element 10 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 2.0 PROPOSALS 2.1 Street Classification Standards Freeway Streets in the City of Vernon are classified according to their primary function. Minimum standards for the roadway desig- nations are illustrated in Figure INF -2. The general character and the appropriate standards for various roadways are described below. Afreeway is a divided highway devoted entirely to the task of traffic movement. Its major characteristic is total access control. All conflicting movements are removed by grade separation, and there is no on- street parking. Freeways exist on rights -of -way of 120 feet or more and contain two or more travel lanes in each direction. Typical traffic volumes are greater than 25,000 vehicles per day. Freeways generally carry between 25 and 30 percent of a city's traffic. Freeways have limited access and are designed to move large volumes of traffic within a region. In the larger urban areas, freeways generally consist of at least three lanes in each direction. The City has little jurisdiction over the freeways which are the responsibility of CalTrans to build and maintain. The City can make recommendations to CalTrans for changes or improvements to freeways serving the City and these may be incorporated into the 5 -year State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). To assure necessary improvements are made, partial funding by the City of freeway modifications may be required. The Long Beach Freeway which crosses the eastern end of the City, and the Santa Ana Freeway located just north of Vernon, are examples of this category of roadway. Infrastructure Element 11 f r ET 80'-120"' R/W 64'-104' 0'-14' Arterial 80' R/W(min.) 64' Collector 60'-65' R/W 42'-49' Local 6/16/92 Figure INF-2 Street Classification Standards Infrastructure 1 2 Arterial Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 An arterial is a facility on which design and traffic control measures are used to expedite through traffic movement with restricted access to abutting properties and on- street parking. A primary arterial is the principal urban thoroughfare. Arterials have 80 to 120 feet rights -of -way and two or three travel lanes in each direction. They may or may not be divided by a median strip. Arterials general- ly have a parking lane adjacent to the curb on both sides of the paved right -of -way and a center left turn lane. Typical traffic volumes range from 10,000 to 20,000 vehicles per day with 20 to 25 percent of a city's traffic traveling on the arterial and collector system. In Vernon, the established right -of -way width for an arterial will vary greatly depending on localized condi- tions. Buildings constructed at property lines and other conditions may prevent the acquisition of full width rights - of -way in specific areas of the City. Streets in the City of Vernon classified as arterials include Slauson Avenue, Alameda Street, Santa Fe Avenue, Soto Street, Downey Road, Washington and Bandini Boulevards. Collector Streets A collector is defined as a street which serves traffic movements in a defined geographic area of a city and connects this area to arterials and freeways. There are few through traffic trips since most traffic utilizes collectors to move from a lower order street to a higher order street. Traffic control devices may be installed to protect or facilitate this movement. Traffic volumes range from 4,000 to 8,000 vehicles per day. Collector streets generally have a minimum right -of -way width of 80 feet and consist of four travel lanes and two parking lanes, although widths may be less depending on existing physical constraints. Roadways in the City that are classified as collector streets include Randolph Street, Fruitland Avenue, Vernon Avenue, Pacific Boulevard, 26th Street, and Boyle Avenue. Infrastructure Element 13 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Local Streets LOS A LOS B Local streets refer to those streets that pi ovide direct access to the individual parcels located throughout the City. The remaining streets not otherwise designated as arterial or collector are classified as local streets. Local streets in Vernon should have a minimum right -of -way width of 60 feet, although widths up to 65 feet may be needed to accommodate the larger trucks that travel these streets to individual businesses. A second important classification system relevant to streets in the City is concerned with measuring a roadway's ability to handle existing traffic volumes. Figure INF -1 shows the ex- isting traffic conditions. Level of Service (LOS) is a qualita- tive measure used to describe the condition of traffic flow, ranging from excellent conditions at LOS A to overloaded conditions at LOS F. The level of service is a function of the average individual vehicular delay experienced by the inter- section at critical volumes. The six levels of service are generally described as follows: This is a condition of free flow, accompanied by low traffic volumes and high speeds. Traffic densities will be low, with uninterrupted flow speeds controlled by driver desires, speed limits, and physical roadway conditions. There is little or no restriction in maneuverability due to the presence of other vehicles and drivers can maintain their desired speeds with little or no delay. This occurs in the zone of stable flow, with operating speed beginning to be restricted somewhat by traffic conditions. Drivers still have reasonable freedom to select their speed and lane of operation. Reductions in speed are not un- reasonable with a low probability that traffic flow will be restricted. The lower limit (lowest speed, highest volume) of this level of service has been used in the design of rural highways. Infrastructure Element 14 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 LOS C LOS D LOS E LOS F This is still the zones of stable flow, but speeds and maneuverability are more closely controlled by the higher traffic volumes. Most of the drivers are restricted in their freedom to select their own speed, change lanes, or pass. A relatively satisfactory operating speed is still obtainable with service volumes suitable for urban design practice. This level of service approaches unstable flow, with tolerable operating speeds being maintained though sig- nificantly affected by changes in operating conditions. Fluctuations in volume and temporary restrictions to flow may cause substantial drops in operating speeds. Drivers have little freedom to maneuver and comfort and con- venience are low. This level of service cannot be described by speed alone but represents operations at lower operating speeds, generally about 30 miles per hour, with traffic volumes at or near the design capacity of the roadway. Traffic flow is unstable and there may be stoppages for short periods. This level of service is associated with the operation of a facility at design flow. This level of service describes a forced -flow operation at low speeds where volumes are above the design capacity of the roadway. In the extreme cases, both speed and volume can drop to zero. These conditions usually result from queues of vehicles backing -up from a restriction downstream. This section of the roadway under study will serve as a storage area during parts or all of the peak hour period. Speeds are substantially reduced and stoppages may occur for short or long periods of time because of the downstream congestion. Infrastructure Element 15 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 2.2 Circulation Plan The implementation of the goals and policies in the General Plan is not expected to change the traffic volumes in Vernon significantly. Over the past decade, traffic volumes and pat- terns have changed. There has been an increase in the number of trucks on City streets (due to the increase in warehousing and transportation - related uses in the City) and an increase in the length of the trucks due to changes in federal law. Implementation of the General Plan will reduce the traffic congestion in some areas because it would restrict new warehouses and trucking firms to areas which have streets that can accommodate them. Depending on the type of industry which locates in Vernon over the remainder of the century, traffic volumes could decrease by as much as five percent or increase by the same factor. In recent years, the trend has been toward more , automated industries with fewer employees. As a result, traf- fic volumes are expected to hold steady or continue to decrease in the near term. In the long run, if the businesses which include a sales component or larger office staff begin to locate in Vernon as they have in industrial areas adjacent to downtown Los Angeles, then traffic volumes may increase slightly over the longest term. On individual streets, such a small change in absolute traffic volumes would not be noticeable. The estimated increase or decrease is much less than the day to day variations which are often 10 percent or more. However, the effect of the proposed land use changes would be to concentrate large truck traffic on those streets which are designed to handle them. Infrastructure Element 16 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Street classifications within the City remain essentially the same as established by the 1974 General Plan. Figure INF -3 shows the classification of streets. The City will continue its program of widening and upgrading individual streets as op- portunity and funding permit. Overcrossing and interchange improvements may also be undertaken as opportunities are identified. Proposals to improve access to Los Angeles and Long Beach ports include expanded rail service in the Alameda Street corridor. However, the Alameda corridor serves rail, trucks and vehicles for approximately six cities. Emphasis of rail over vehicle useage in the corridor in the City of Vernon is undesirable. The City is also opposed to the upgrading of the lines in Alameda Street because such improvements would require additional right -of -way which is not available. The City is concerned not only about traffic congestion but also about public safety. A potential reduction in emergency service access to parts of the City could result from increased rail traffic with no grade separations. To resolve the problems created by rail/vehicular conflicts along Alameda Street, a special study corridor is established by the Plan as shown in Figure INF -3. Special studies will be undertaken to establish the type of separation(s) which may be most appropriate to resolving conflicts and assuring public safety. Realignment of rail lines, as well as overcrossing or undercrossing of rail or street alignments may be considered. A regional plan for rail service from the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to Los Angeles is currently under develop- ment. The Alameda corridor has been identified as one potential alignment. This would involve as many as 100 trains per day or more moving between Long Beach and Los An- geles through the City of Vernon. Although the Alameda corridor is one of the main alternatives under investigation, Infrastructure Element 17 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 others do exist and the City prefers the Wilmington align- ment. The Alameda right of way is limited in width and constrained in other ways. In addition, separation of vehicle and train traffic is preferable and would be difficult along the Alameda corridor. However, regardless of the final alignment selected, the ex- isting at -grade railroad crossings combined with existing delays and traffic queues resulting from train operations will negatively impact on the circulation system and consideration of a complete separation of rail from vehicular traffic will be required. The Circulation Plan proposes grade separations at key road- way /track intersections in Vernon and in neighboring cities as indicated on Figure INF -3. These are necessary to reduce rail/vehicle conflicts, eliminate the extended traffic tie -ups and delays and to assure adequate emergency public safety vehicle access to all parts of the City. The City will also evaluate existing railroad /street intersections involving non - circulation system streets to determine if each is required, and if not, will consider elimination or closing. Infrastructure Element 18 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o • • •u) >.• N • • U • E• • as a • • Q a • o • c m • • co • • • i9 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CI 25th St's ■1111 111■ 111.• £ A 11111111111111 -111VGELES Vernon Ave sirtectiaihrttm . u P R. PACKER Leonis Blvd ; . ];741 1:1131:. 1'�1 Fruitland Av 1 ST—. > ._� d 0 L SEARS.- IPVr7 S CITY OF HUNTINGTON PARK BTN Sr • ITT OF HUNTINGTON PARK Slauson A% Ii2g22leeelele,:en II Southern Pacific 1 VERNONE GFNFFRAL PLANLIEIfl N orth -411111r 1500 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 2.3 Other Transportation Systems The City is served by the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) which provides bus service to Vernon and adjacent cities. This service is an important alternative to the automobile as means for employees to travel to and from work. Therefore, the City will continue to support the high level of service within the City. Review of bus routes and schedules on a regular basis and the addition of routes to respond to changes in employment patterns is necessary to assure good service to the community. An additional means of employee access to jobs in the wester- ly portion of the City became available when the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission in 1990 constructed a "light- rail" facility along Long Beach Boulevard. The light - rail line parallels and is one block west of the western City limits within walking distance of many businesses between Alameda and Santa Fe. The opportunity also exists to inter- connect with SCRTD bus service at various points along the line. Infrastructure Element 20 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 2.4 Water and Sewer System The Infrastructure Element of the Vernon General Plan provides for the maintenance and upgrading of the water and sewer systems as needed. Since the system is in good condi- tion (with a few exceptions) and adequately sized, no major improvements are proposed. The area which will need im- provement is located south of District and east of Downey Road. However, the City will continue to monitor the ability of the private water purveyors to provide adequate daily and emergency service. If need be, policies will be developed to address problems as they arise, and to eventually add these areas to the City system. Infrastructure Element 21 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 3.0 GOALS AND POLICIES GOAL 1 PROVIDE A BALANCED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR THE SAFE AND EFFICIENT MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, GOODS, AND EMERGENCY SERVICES THROUGHOUT THE CITY. POLICY 1.1: Continue to upgrade the existing street system to meet the minimum standards set in the Circulation Plan. POLICY 1.2: Consolidate the freight rail system in areas designated for General Industrial and Heavy Industrial land uses. POLICY 1.3: Limit the location of transportation - related uses and large warehouses (over 50,000 gross square feet) to areas with streets designed to accommodate the larger volumes of truck traffic they generate. POLICY 1.4: Explore the potential of designating one -way couplets in areas of town with narrow streets which have limited potential for widening. POLICY 1.5: Continue to pursue grade separation for rail- road crossings of designated streets, particularly in light of the proposed rail system changes associated with Port Access improvements. POLICY 1.6: Encourage continued improvement of services provided by the Southern California Rapid Transit District to the City and adjacent cities to provide better access for employees from home to job and job to home. POLICY 1.7: Encourage the use of ridesharing and public transit to reduce the traffic congestion and need for off - street parking in the City. Infrastructure Element 22 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 POLICY 1.8: Encourage the redesign and upgrading of the freeway interchange at Atlantic and Bandini Blvds. to eliminate hazards. POLICY 1.9: Explore the potential of adding a freeway inter- change at Slauson Avenue and the Long Beach Freeway to improve access for City industries. POLICY 1.10: Consider the elimination of unnecessary rail . spur lines and permit the combination of properties across spur lines with vehicular connections. GOAL 2 ENSURE THE PROVISION OF ADEQUATE OFF - STREET PARKING AND LOADING FACILITIES FOR EACH BUSI- NESS. POLICY 2.1: Encourage cooperative efforts among neigh- boring firms to resolve off - street parking problems. POLICY 2.2: Require adequate off - street loading facilities as a part of any new or renovated use. POLICY 2.3: Explore the potential of creating public parking lots for employee parking using parking assessment districts or redevelopment powers. GOAL 3 MAINTAIN A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM CAPABLE OF MEETING BOTH NORMAL DEMAND AND EMERGEN- CY NEEDS IN THE ENTIRE CITY. POLICY 3.1: Periodically evaluate the entire water supply and distribution systems to ensure its continued adequacy and to eliminate deficiencies or enhance service. Infrastructure Element 23 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 POLICY 3.2: Ensure that all new development or expansion of existing facilities bears the cost of providing adequate water service to meet the increased demand which it generates. GOAL4 MAINTAIN A SEWER SYSTEM ADEQUATE TO PROTECT THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF ALL RESI- DENTS AND BUSINESSES. POLICY 4.1: Periodically evaluate the sewage disposal sys- tem to ensure its adequacy to meet changes in demand and changes in types of waste. POLICY 4.2: Ensure that all new development or expansion of existing facilities bears the cost of expanding the sewage disposal system to handle the increased load which they are expected to generate. GOAL 5 MAINTAIN A STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM ADEQUATE TO PROTECT THE LIVES AND PROPERTY OF VERNON RESIDENTS AND BUSINESSES. POLICY 5.1: Periodically evaluate the size and condition of the storm drainage system to ensure its ability to handle expected storm runoff. POLICY 5.2: Evaluate the impact of all new development and expansion of existing facilities on storm runoff and ensure that the cost of upgrading existing drainage facilities to handle the additional runoff is paid for by the development which generates it. POLICY 5.3: Monitor the use and storage of hazardous chemicals to prevent their accidental discharge into the storm drainage system. Infrastructure Element 24 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 GOAL 6 MAINTAIN A HIGH LEVEL POWER/ENERGY SUPPLY AND SERVICE SYSTEM CAPABLE OF MEETING BOTH NORMAL DEMAND AND EMERGENCY NEEDS IN THE CITY. POLICY 6.1: Operate and maintain an electrical utility sys- tem which provides an adequate level of service to businesses and other uses in the City. POLICY 6.2: Periodically evaluate the electrical utility sys- tem to ensure its adequacy to meet any changes in demand over time. Infrastructure Element 25 i HOUSING ELEMENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 As in any city with much industry and many jobs, the City of Vernon must be concerned with housing. Proximity of hous- ing to jobs is important to both employers and employees. The availability of adequate housing is an important aspect of planning for the long -term viability of the City and its busi- nesses. 1.1 State Requirements The California Government Code is very specific concerning the preparation and content of a housing element. It is the only element which must be reviewed by the State for com- pleteness and compliance with the law before it is adopted. The element examines existing conditions and, through analysis, identifies housing needs and presents programs to meet those needs. The legislature has deemed that the Hous- ing Element is the appropriate mechanism to implement State -wide goals regarding the provision of decent and suitable housing for all persons. The Government Code also makes it clear that the provision of affordable housing is the Housing Element I Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 responsibility of all local governments and that they, using vested powers, should make a conscious effort to see that there are housing opportunities for all income groups (Sec- tion 65580). The intent of the State housing element require- ments is based on the following concerns (Section 65581): 1. Local governments should recognize their responsibilities in contributing to the attainment of the State's housing goals; 2. Cities and counties should prepare and implement hous- ing elements coordinated with State and federal efforts in achieving the State's housing goals; 3. Each local jurisdiction should participate in determining the necessary efforts required to attain the State's housing goals; and 4. Each local government must cooperate with other local governments to address regional housing needs. This Housing Element was prepared in compliance with State requirements. However, because the population of the City is so small, there is no separate census data for Vernon. The City's few households comprise only 10% of the total households contained in census tract 5324.4n order to better assess housing needs within Vernon, the City has collected original data on its housing stock and household charac- teristics. In addition, a recent study entitled "Housing Feasibility Analysis" prepared for the City of Vernon by Agajanian & Associates evaluates both short and long term residential development opportunities in Vernon within a larger market area; this study will be utilized as appropriate to help understand existing and future housing conditions within Vernon. Housing Element 2 r Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Many of the goals and programs which are desirable on a statewide basis are not feasible in Vernon. The noise, dust, vibration and toxic or chemical wastes and odors from local industry (many of which operate around the clock) serve as a deterrent to housing, development in the City. Moreover, housing should not be encouraged in close proximity to heavy industry for health and safety reasons. Therefore, the Housing Element reflects the unique realities of the City of Vernon. 1.2 Supplemental Documents The following documents serve as supplemental material to the Vernon Housing Element and represent background ref- erence material supporting this Element and are incor- porated by reference: 1. City of Vernon Master Environmental Assessment, November 1988. 2. Report on RHNA for City of Vernon (addressed to Jim Minuto, SCAG Housing Programs and Project Manager), September 26, 1988. 3. Housing Feasibility Analysis, Agajanian & Associates, August 30, 1988. Housing Element 3 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 2.0 HOUSING PLAN 2.1 Summary of Housing Needs Population and Housing Trends City records indicate Vernon's housing stock and related resident population base has undergone little change since 1980. The City had a 1980 housing stock of 36 dwelling units, supporting a resident population of 85 persons. No new residential construction has occurred since that time. However, in 1984, three dwelling units were demolished in Vernon, with a fourth unit demolished in 1985. The City's housing stock has remained at 32 units since 1985, with the resident popula- tion ranging between 77 and 88 persons. These housing units are located in pockets throughout the City, although most are located west of Downey Road. Forecasts for housing and population growth in the southern California region have been made by SCAG, and published in a series of growth management alternatives (GMA -2, GMA -3, GMA -4). The selected Growth Management Plan, GMA -4M (modified), provided the basis for projecting future housing need in SCAG jurisdic- tions for the 1989 -1994 time period, as set forth in the Regional Housing Need Assessment (RHNA). However, as SCAG has amended Vernon's future housing need to zero based on the City's requested revision of the RHNA, population and housing projections contained in the GMA -4M Plan for Vernon are no longer applicable. (Refer to Section 2.1 D for a discussion of the RHNA and future housing need in the City). As there is no revised population/housing projection for Vernon based on the revision to the RHNA, the most accurate projections are those contained in the three growth management alterna- tives which define a future housing need of zero for the City of Vernon. Housing Element 4 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 As indicated in Table H -1, all three growth scenarios indicate an identical future net housing growth in Vernon, with the City actually losing three dwelling units during the 1984 -2010 period. The three scenarios all indicate only nominal popula- tion growth in the City. The industrial character of the area, the lack of vacant parcels suitable for residential use and heavy industry will continue to preclude any real opportunity for housing in Vernon. Table H -1 Projected Population and Housing Growth City of Vernon 1984 - 2010 Growth Management Alternative 1984 2010 % Change in Housing % Change in Population Housing Units Population Housing Units Population GMA -2 37 84 34 85 -8.11% + 1.10% GMA -3 37 84 34 84 -8.11% 0.00% GMA -4 37 84 34 86 -8.11% +2.38% Source: Southern California Association of Governments, Preliminary Draft Growth Management Plan, April 8, 1988. Housing Element 5 r r i Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Housing Characteristics Households In 1988, the 30 households as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census occupied housing units (see Table H -2) with a resident population of 77 persons. Average household size is 2.6 persons per unit. With the housing stock projected to decline over the next twenty years, and some nominal growth in population, the City could be expected to experience some increase in the number of persons per household. Housing vacancy is very low in the City, with only two units currently unoccupied, a 6.2% vacancy rate. Table H -2 Housing Characteristics 1988 Total Housing Units 32 Occupied Households 30 Average Household Size 2.566 Family- Headed Households 28 Total Population 77 Source: City of Vernon, Community Services Department Housing Element 6 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Table H -3 presents City - collected data on housing tenure (owner /renter) and housing units per structure. Of the City's 32 housing units, 27 are renter occupied, three are owner - occupied, and two are vacant. Compared with the statewide figure of 45 percent, Vernon has a significantly higher propor- tion (90 percent) of renter households. The majority of Vernon's housing stock is comprised of single family dwell- ings, with only one apartment building located in the City. The City owns 26 dwelling units, 18 of which are single family dwellings. The City rents these units to public safety person- nel, such as fire, police, street maintenance, and utility operators, to ensure the availability of safety personnel in case of emergency. Table H -3 Units in Structure/Housing Tenure 1988 Owner Renter Vacant Total Occupied Occupied Units Total Housing Units 32 3 27 2 Detached Single Family 20 1 18 1 Attached /Non - Residential 2 1 1 Duplex 2 1 1 Apartments 8 8 Mobile Home 0 Source: City of Vernon, Community Services Department Housing Element 7 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Housing Condition Awindshield survey was conducted of Vernon's housing stock to assess housing conditions. Although the housing stock is older (largely built before 1950), it is in generally good repair. The survey determined that 31, or 97% of the City's dwelling units are well maintained and in good condition. Only one unit, which coincidentally is the only vacant unit in the City, has fallen into disrepair, and is in need of substantial rehabilitation. A major reason for the quality of housing conditions in Vernon is the City's ownership of a large propor- tion of the housing stock, and responsibility in maintaining these units. The great demand for industrial space in the City means that unnecessary or poorly maintained units are un- likely to remain unless acquired by the City. Housing Affordability Because the City's resident population is so small, its housing needs are negligible when traditional needs analysis methods are applied. Because of this limitation, a special "Housing Feasibility Analysis" was conducted for the City to evaluate the housing needs of Vernon's employee population. This approach provided information on the relationship of jobs in the City to the availability of adequate, affordable housing in the market area. The following discussion of housing needs is based on the findings of the Housing Feasiblity Analysis report identified in Section 1.2. Due to the small number of housing units within the City of Vernon, the Housing Feasiblity Analysis report considers housing conditions within the context of a larger market area. For the purposes of this study, the housing market area con- sisted of the residential areas surrounding Vernon, including the cities of Bell, Bell Gardens, Cudahy, Huntington Park, Maywood, and portions of the City and County of Los An- geles. Housing Element 8 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Vernon is estimated to have approximately 41,500 jobs. To assess the housing needs of these employees, a survey was taken of employee residence location by zip code and annual payroll levels. For convenience, several large employers were asked to provide the requested employee information on computerized forms. Though not a random survey, the results for 12,379, or nearly one - third, of the City's employees were obtained. The location of residence of the City's employees covered a large geographic area, indicating that housing preferences for the workers surveyed were considerably varied. Ap- proximately 20% of the surveyed workers reside in the defined market area and the majority of workers live in the near vicinity. In terms of income levels, the survey utilized income ranges determined by HUD for very low, low, moderate, and upper income households of four in Los Angeles County, with households falling within the bottom three categories qualify- ing for assisted housing. As presented in Table H -4, ap- proximately 58% of Vernon employees surveyed were of very low income, 18% of low income, 9% of moderate income, and 15% of upper income. It should be noted however that these income categories are calculated for families of four, while the income data for Vernon was collected on the individual employee level. Therefore, this income distribution for employees in Vernon must be factored downward to account for the fact that many households have more than a single wage earner. Discounting the proportion of employees whose incomes would qualify for assisted housing (very low, low and moderate income households) by a third to account for multiple wage households indicates that nearly two- thirds of the employee households have incomes which would qualify for assisted housing (62.7 %). Comparing those employees who reside in the market area (19.6 %) with those who qualify for housing assistance (62.7 %), would indicate that 12.3% of employees in Vernon both reside in the market Housing Element 9 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 area and qualify for housing assistance. Expanding this proportion to the entire labor force in Vernon represents 5,098 households, which can be considered the amount of housing needed in the market area to provide affordable housing for the very low, low, and moderate income households whose wage earners work in Vernon. Table H -4 Reported Employee Income Distribution June 1988 Income Category Employees Distribution $ 0 - $17,950 4,779 57.75% $17,951 - $26,550 1,468 17.73% $26,551 - $33,200 736 8.89% $33,201 - $39,800 924 11.17% $39,801 + 369 4.46% Total 8,276 100.00% Source: Agajanian & Associates Housing Element 10 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Interpolating the survey results and expanding it to the entire Vernon labor force, approximately 5363 income - qualified workers reside in the market area. Contrasting this with the estimated 5098 units of "household need ", it would appear that the housing market is adequately serving the area's very low, low and moderate income employee households. As indicated in Table H -5, the current housing market is able to provide affordable rental housing to very low, low and moderate income households, and affordable ownership housing in townhouse -style units to low and moderate income households. However, like most of Southern California, single- family ownership housing is affordable only to upper income households. Further supporting this finding of housing affordability is SCAG's estimate of existing housing need, as published in the June 1988 Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA). As reported in Table 1 of the RHNA, no households in the City of Vernon spend more than 30% of their income on housing, or are "overpaying." A major reason for this absence of housing overpayment is that the City owns a large propor- tion of the housing stock, and is able to maintain rents at an affordable level. Housing Element 11 { : Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Table H -5 Affordability of Residential Development in the Market Area Assumptions Single Family Townhouse Rentals Average cost per unit $136,000 $80,000 $48,699 (1) Monthly payment /rent $ 1,036 (2) $ 610 (2) $ 405 (3) Required household income (4) $ 41,445 $24,380 $16,200 Assisted housing qualified (5) 2 Person Household 4 Person Household not qualified moderate income low income not qualified low income very low income (1)Average rent of $405 /mo. capitalized at 10% (2) With 20% down and an 11%, 30 year fixed mortgage (3) Average rent in market area (4)Assuming housing mortgage /rent payment as 30% of household income (5) See Table H -6 for details Source: Agajanian & Associates Housing Element 12 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Table H -6 Income and Rent Limits for Assisted Housing January 6, 1988 Family Size Very Low Income (1) Low Income (2) Moderate Income (3) Occupancy Income Limits 2 persons 4 persons Maximum Rent 2 persons 4 persons $14,350 $17,950 $280 $336 $21,250 $31,876 $26,550 $39,840 $415 $623 $498 $747 (1) 50% of Los Angeles County median income (2) 80% of Los Angeles County median income (3) 120% of Los Angeles County median income Note: Los Angeles County median income for family of four - $33,200 (1- 6 -88). Published by HUD Source: Agajanian & Associates r Housing Element 13 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Special Needs Certain segments of the population may have a more difficult Groups time finding decent, affordable housing due to special cir- cumstances. A household survey was conducted by the City in November 1988 to determine the composition of its 30 households, and any special needs they may have. Based on this survey, special needs households in Vernon were found to consist of the elderly, handicapped persons, large families, female- headed households and the homeless. Due to the small size of the City's total resident population, the mag- nitude of households in Vernon with special needs is very small. Elderly The special needs of many elderly households result from their lower, fixed incomes, physical disabilities, and depend- ence needs. Vernon currently has one resident age 65 or above, representing 1.3% of the total population. The hous- ing needs of the elderly can be answered through the provision of smaller units, second units on lots with existing homes, shared living arrangements, and housing assistance programs. Handicapped The household survey identified one person living in Vernon who suffers from a disability which would likely affect his housing needs. The City's heavy industrial environment presents added constraints to the handicapped. Large volumes of street and rail traffic, and delays caused by trains and parked trucks additionally limit the maneuverability of handicapped individuals. In order to address the needs of its handicapped residents and employees, the City enforces re- quirements for handicapped accessibility in new construction, . and has undertaken a program to install curb ramps for wheel- chairs. The City will continue in its efforts to provide equal access to jobs and public facilities for the handicapped. Large Families Housing Element 14 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Large families are identified as a group with special housing needs based on the limited availability of adequately sized, affordable housing units. Large households are often of lower income, often resulting in the overcrowding of smaller dwell- ing units and in turn accelerating unit deterioration. Accord- ing to the resident survey, two of the City's family- households had 5 or more members. The City's industrial character presents similar disadvantages for families with children as it does for the handicapped. Access to residential services, such as education, recreation and local retail goods and services, is along roadways with high levels of truck traffic, railroad cross- ings and loading activities. These conditions make pedestrian access to residential service facilities difficult and unsafe, particularly for children. Female- Headed Households Female - headed households tend to have low incomes, thus limiting housing availability for this group. The household survey identified a single female - headed household in the City. The housing needs of female- headed households of lower income can be addressed through the provision of affordable housing, as well as through affordable day care options. Homeless Throughout the country, homelessness has become an in- creasing problem. Factors contributing to the rise in home- lessness include the general lack of housing affordable to low and moderate income persons, increases in the number of persons whose incomes fall below the poverty level, reduc- tions in public subsidy to the poor, and the de- institutionaliza - tion of the mentally ill. City personnel indicate that there are few homeless persons or families in Vernon. This is likely due to the City's industrial environment, and its lack of social and residential services. Housing Element 15 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Future Housing Needs There are few homeless in Vernon, and the number is insuf- ficient to warrant the development of a separate emergency shelter. The City can address the needs of homeless in the area by supporting the Salvation Army shelter located in the adjacent City of Bell, including possible financial assistance. The Bell shelter is a regional emergency shelter offering overnight accommodations and other services to the home- less. The shelter provides a daily shuttle service to their facility, with pick ups at the Salvation Army headquarters in Huntington Park, Hollywood, East Los Angeles, Compton and Long Beach. Services provided include overnight lodg- ing, food, and use of shower and laundry facilities. These emergency services are available to homeless individuals and families on a per night basis, with the shelter able to accom- modate a total of 250 persons. State law requires jurisdictions to provide for their fair share of regional housing needs. The Southern California Associa- tion of Governments (SCAG) determines the 1989 -1994 needs for jurisdictions in Southern California, and designates the number of households the City will be expected to accom- modate during this period. Future housing needs reflect the number of new units needed in a jurisdiction (future demand), plus an adequate supply of vacant housing to assure mobility and new units to replace losses. These needs were forecast by the 1988 Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA), which considered on a regional and local level: market demand for housing, employment opportunities, availability of suitable sites and public facilities, commuting patterns, type and tenure of housing need, and housing needs of farmworkers. Housing Element 16 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Energy and Water Conservation The RHNA, published in June 1988, indicated a future hous- ing need in Vernon. The City of Vernon submitted to SCAG a revision to its future housing need on September 26, 1988, documenting a significant error in the RHNA related to demolition activity and replacement housing needs, along with the serious environmental constraints to housing development in Vernon. Based on land use incompatibilities related to hazardous materials storage and processing, back- ground contamination, noxious odors, noise pollution, and truck and railroad traffic, the requested revision concluded that no site in the City could be considered suitable for future residential development. (Refer to Section 2.2 of the Hous- ing Element for additional discussion of environmental con- straints to housing development in the City.) SCAG has reviewed the revision requested for Vernon, and has adopted a future housing need of zero (0) in the City. While the City's environmental conditions have precluded requirements for future housing development in Vernon, the City will continue to accommodate residential development as necessary to support local industry and public safety per- sonnel. Major environmental constraints preclude other types of housing. Compared with the City's energy- intensive industries, hous- ing consumes only a very small proportion of the City's total energy consumption. The City utilizes Title 24 energy stand- ards for residential construction to minimize energy con- sumption. Necessary sound insulation on residential units also results in effective heat insulation, thus reducing energy usage. The Southern California Gas Company provides fuel for most heating needs, and offers programs for water heater insulation, attic insulation, and water flow limiting devices. Housing Element 17 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 City water is provided to all dwelling units either from ground water or by import from the Metropolitan Water District. Compared to the City's large industrial users, residential water use is minimal, and no special conservation steps have been deemed necessary. Housing Element 18 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 2.2 Constraints on Housing Development Governmental The City's zoning ordinance imposes some constraints on Constraints housing. However, new residential development is permitted anywhere in the City. Because of the industrial nature of the City, health and safety codes may also constrain housing location or siting. New attached and detached residential units are permitted throughout the General Industry and Commercial- Industrial zones. Residential dwelling unit standards for single family detached units include 5,000 square foot minimum lot size, maximum two stories or 35 feet in height, and one off - street parking space per dwelling unit. Standards for multiple - family units include minimum 4,000 square foot lot size per dwelling, maximum three stories or 45 feet in height, and 1.5 off - street parking spaces per dwelling unit. Residential uses are re- quired to be equipped with air conditioning and sound insula- tion to protect residents from exposure to adverse environmental conditions. New housing is permitted in the Heavy Industry zone as a conditional use, subject to more stringent standards to ensure land use compatibility. The zoning ordinance permits a temporary residential unit (not to exceed 180` days) related to construction upon the same lot, and in addition allows an attached residential unit on the premises of a non - residential use, business, plant or facility to house an owner, caretaker, guard or nightwatchman. While Vernon seeks to retain its industrial orientation, it specifically permits residential uses in the City. The City's permit processing fees and procedures do not unreasonably constrain residential development. Fees are comparable to those within the region, and have been set at a level necessary to cover the costs to the City. Housing Element 19 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Nongovern- mental Constraints to Housing In Vernon, there is virtually no land available for the develop- ment of housing. In addition, extensive industrial develop- ment throughout the City creates serious environmental conditions which render any site in the City unsuitable for residential development. These environmental factors are related to hazardous materials storage and processing, back- ground contamination, noxious odors, noise pollution, and truck and railroad traffic generated by the City's pervasive industrial land uses. Inadequate access to residential services is an additional constraint to residential development in the City. These factors which tend to preclude the use of land for residential purposes in Vernon must be considered in estab- lishing where housing might be located in the City. Hazardous Materials With a history as an industrial City, Vernon's heavy and prolonged industrial use is reflected in the following condi- tions: o A high concentration of both underground and above ground hazardous material storage tanks throughout the City. o Numerous underground pipelines throughout the City, .many carrying potentially explosive materials. o Residual soil contamination resulting from prior manufacturing activities on the site and from previously abandoned chemical waste open disposal pits, aeration ponds, landfills or petroleum related activities. (A high lead content in the soil is common.) o Approximately 137 miles of railroad track historically treated with herbicides for weed control. Right -of ways show patterns of contamination from spilling, overfilling or transfer of chemicals. Housing Element 20 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Overfilling storage tanks, leaking pipes and leaking tanks have resulted in residual soil contamination in Vernon. Six- teen sites have been declared Proposition 65 sites (deter- mined by laboratory tests to have excessive chemical contamination). Remediation plans are required to decon- taminate the soil. Due to high background petroleum con- tamination, several sites were remediated with covenants being recorded to advise future purchasers of the presence of contamination, and the unsuitability of the site for future sensitive land uses such as housing. Due to the high concentration of underground storage tanks in Vernon, (153 businesses currently store hazardous materials in the City), there is significant potential for chemi- cal spills or accidents. The City's Underground Tank Pro- gram has resulted in the removal of 592 tanks on 239 sites since May 1984. Additionally, where structures were threatened by tank removal, 42 underground tanks were filled in place. Even where these chemical storage tanks have been removed or filled, there is the potential for residual con- tamination from the overfilling of tanks during their usage. The City is currently in the process of identifying additional sites with soil contamination problems. Another component of hazardous materials control in Ver- non is the "right to know" program. All businesses in the City are required to submit inventories of all hazardous materials used or stored. Businesses are then classified as A, B, or C depending on the volume of chemicals handled. Vernon has 16 Class A businesses, handling less than 220 pounds of chemicals per month, 89 Class B businesses which handle between 220 and 2,200 pounds, and 252 Class C businesses which handle over 2,200 pounds of chemicals on a monthly basis. The risk of upset from businesses handling such high volumes of chemicals, many of which are toxic, is a factor which must be considered in land use planning. Housing Element 21 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 The location of businesses throughout the community with underground storage tanks and /or use or storage of chemical materials indicates that the entire City is subject to chemical spills or accidents, thereby illustrating its inappropriateness for future residential development. In summary, the heavy and prolonged use of Vernon as an industrial City has resulted in significant background con- tamination. Industrial uses which store or use hazardous materials are pervasive throughout the City. These condi- tions make Vernon a highly unsuitable environment for sen- sitive land uses such as housing. Noxious Odors Vernon has numerous industries which generate noxious odors, primarily related to the slaughtering and rendering of animals. Overlay districts have been designated in the City's Proposed General Plan in attempts to isolate the locations of offensive industrial uses responsible for excessive noise and odors. These overlay districts include a "Slaughtering Over- lay" for uses which involve the slaughtering of animals, and a "Rendering Overlay" for the location of rendering facilities, fertilizer facilities, junk yards and recycling facilities. These uses generate significant adverse effects related to odor and noise, making residential land uses highly incompatible within their vicinity. Noise As could be expected in a highly industrial city, Vernon is exposed to high levels of noise emanating from stationary industrial activity, as well as from trucks, automobiles, and railroad operations. Numerous companies in the City operate equipment, such as large presses and pumps, which produce excessive vibrations and generate noise well beyond the level of acceptablility for noise- sensitive land uses within the vicinity. Arterial roadways in Vernon have a very high proportion of truck traffic (approximately 30 %), thereby in- Housing Element 22 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 tensifying noise levels surrounding the City's roadways. In addition, four main railroad lines and a number of switching operations pass through the City, generating significant levels of noise. Figure N -1 in the Noise Element presents noise contours developed for Vernon in 1986; existing conditions are virtual- ly the same. The 60 dB CNEL contour represents the Noise Referral Zone adopted by the City for which any proposed land use within the zone shall be evaluated on a project specific basis. The City's policy is that residential develop- ment in areas between 60 and 65 CNEL should be undertaken only after detailed analysis of the noise reduction require- ments are made and necessary noise insulation features in the project's design are determined. In areas where noise levels exceed 70 CNEL, residential development should be dis- couraged. As evidenced by the contour map, a large portion of the City falls within the Noise Referral Zone, and is thereby only marginally acceptable for sensitive land uses such as housing. The noise contours are based on roadway traffic, and do not account for stationary noise sources. The probability is that areas mapped as being outside the 60 dB CNEL may in fact experience excessive noise levels from intermittant or other sources. Truck and Railroad Traffic The 'City of Vernon is traversed by approximately 137 miles of railroad tracks, with approximately 114 at -grade and 3 grade- separated railroad crossings. As previously men- tioned, truck traffic is extremely heavy, comprising nearly one -third of all traffic in the City. These conditions not only contribute to excessive noise levels, but also create safety hazards for pedestrians, particularly aproblem for the elderly, handicapped individuals and families with children. Housing Element 23 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Residential Service Adequacy Residential development requires the provision of services to meet the needs of the resident population. Services provided at the municipal level include education, recreation, and local retail goods and services. While few such residential services are situated within Vernon, they are located within close enough proximity to adequately serve potential residential development in the City. However, access to these residential services is along roadways with high levels of truck traffic, railroad crossings, and loading activities. These conditions make pedestrian access to residential service facilities dif- ficult and unsafe, particularly for children. The City lacks any area suitable for residential development which has safe ac- cess to necessary residential services. Summary of Constraints to Residential Development Extensive industrial development throughout Vernon has resulted in severe environmental conditions which render virtually any site in the City unsuitable for residential develop- ment. Environmental degradation related to hazardous materials and background contamination, noxious odors, noise pollution and truck and railroad traffic present sig- nificant land use conflicts for future residential development in the City. In addition, the lack of adequate, safe access to residential services acts to constrain housing opportunities in Vernon. Based on these significant constraints to residential development in Vernon, SCAG has approved a future hous- ing need in the City of zero for the 1989 -1994 period. Housing Element 24 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 2.3 Housing Opportunities The Housing Feasibility Analysis prepared for the City evaluates sites for potential residential development in the City. As residential development is permitted throughout the City's industrial and commercial zones, zoning did not limit residential selection. Sites were selected which offered the greatest potential for environmental safety, economic feasibility, marketing potential, and residential service ade- quacy. The sites selected were either currently undeveloped or underutilized, and were considered to have development potential. Though some smaller parcels do exist in Vernon, the study examined sites one acre or larger in size. The single largest potential site in Vernon is a 31 acre site located south of Slausen Avenue between the Union Pacific Railroad Right -of -Way and the LADWP easement (refer to Figure H -1, Lot 18). However, based upon a toxic hazard assessment report, the site was found to contain elevated concentrations of heavy materials, petroleum hydrocarbons, and groundwater contamination due to historic industrial uses on the site. The Remedial Action Plan approved by the State Department of Health Services on the site upgrades the en- vironmental conditions to standards sufficient for industrial and business use only. Residential use on the site is precluded due to residual contamination and the extreme costs neces- sary to bring the site up to residential standards. For these reasons, the site was not analyzed for potential residential development. Eight undeveloped and four underutilized sites in the City were considered to have potential for residential develop- ment. These sites are described in Tables H -7 and H -8, and depicted in Figure H -1. The following discussion evaluates these sites in terms of economic feasibility, environmental safety, marketing potential, and residential service adequacy. Housing Element 25 X11 �IS�l�ll��.� � � .M �° '1111 N� � n INENEVNE i . IERENN - \*.. mi itita no scale SOURCE: Agajanian & Associates 4/18/89 Figure H -1 Potential Housing Sites 1 _J Housing 26 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Table H -7 Characteristics of Undeveloped and Underutilized Sites in Vernon July 1988 Sites Parcel # Location GP /Over (1) Size Total A.V. Land A.V UNDEVELOPED 1 818- 06 -01 -08 55th at Santa Fe Gen. Ind. 2.62 ac $328,309 $328,309 2 864- 25 -01 -13 Slausen near Downey Gen. Ind. 1.43 ac $146,042 $141,219 3 864- 21 -02 -05 54th at Soto Gen. Ind. 4.35 ac $536,760 $533,507 4 864- 24 -01 -07 Slausen at Downey Gen. Ind. 5.40 ac $633,689 $633,689 5 818- 14 -01 -04 Soto near Bandini Gen. Ind./ 0.95 ac $124,319 ' $124,319 Slaughter 6 822- 43 -02 -02 26th at Ayers Hvy. Ind: 3.89 ac $366,205 $359,691 7 818- 03 -02 -05 Pacific near Santa Fe Gen. Ind. 2.39 ac $329,847 $318,476 - (2) Bandini at Downey Hvy. Ind./ 3.50 ac -- (2) -- (2) Render UNDEVELOPED A 818- 07 -02 -04 55th at Santa Fe Com. Ind. 4.61 ac $1,183,992 $856,017 B N/A Fruitland at Santa Fe Com. Ind. 2.07 ac $361,274 $283,079 C 864- 39 -02 -24 Corona at 49th Gen. Ind. 1.38 ac $170,178 $170,178 D 864- 39 -03 -03 Loma Linda at 50th Gen. Ind. 2.42 ac $403,920 $159,120 (1) General /Heavy /, and Commercial /Industrial GP land use with Slaughterhouse Rendering overlay zones. (2) Property owned by the Los Angeles County Flood Control District Source: Agajanian & Associates Housing Element 27 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Table H -8 Locational Characteristics for Undeveloped and Underutilized Sites in Vernon July 1988 Adjacent Truck R.R. Waste Sites Land Uses Traffic Noise Odor Hazards Hazards (1) UNDEVELOPED 1 Older Ind. low low low high <0.1 mi Warehousing 2 Newer Ind. high high low high <0.1 mi Warehousing 3 Food Process high high high low 0.4 mi Food Storage 4 Warehousing high high moderate high <0.1 mi Storage Tanks 5 Meat Packing high high high low 0.6 mi Slaughterhouse 6 Fertilizer PI. high moderate high high 0.9 mi Recycle Cntr. 7 Warehousing high moderate moderate low 0.3 mi Parking Lot 8 Factory high high high low 0.4 mi L.A. River UNDEVELOPED A Factory low low low high <0.1 mi Warehousing B Factory moderate low low high <0.1 mi Warehousing C Older Ind. low low low moderate 0.3 mi Warehousing D Older Ind. low low low moderate 0.4 mi Parking Lot (1) Location of hazardous waste generators exceeding 1000 Kg /month Source: Agajanian & Associates Housing Element 28 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Economic Based upon interviews with brokers in Vernon, land prices Feasibility now average $8 to $11 per square foot (SF), or between $348,000 - $436,000 per gross acre. This is by a high cost for residential land when compared to land in locations more desirable for residential development. At six dwelling units per gross acre single family units at market supportable prices could afford to pay up to $7.49 per SF. Townhome develop- ment could afford to pay up to $7.34 per SF at ten units per gross acre. Rental units could afford to pay up to $7.04 per SF for land at 16 units per gross acre. Based on this analysis, none of these housing types are able to afford the $8 -$11 land costs in Vernon. Private market residential development can thus be considered only marginally feasible in Vernon, and would require some amount of financial assistance to bridge the gap between actual and affordable land costs. In addition, recent experience indicates that financial institutions will not issue mortgage loans for residential units in Vernon. Alter- native financing, such as personal loans, have had to be used to finance residential development, significantly adding to the costs of housing. Costs would also be incurred to make any of the sites suitable for residential development. The developer of the site would need to test for ground contamination, pay for any decon- tamination needed for residential development, discount sales prices to attract buyers /renters (see next subsection) and provide minimum safety and nuisance improvements to meet residential development requirements. For these reasons and others cited in this element and the backup studies, the con- clusion is that private market supportable residential development in Vernon is infeasible economically and from a public safety standpoint. Housing Element 29 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Environmental Safety/ Marketing Potential Residential Service Adequacy Environmental conditions in Vernon are generally incom- patible with residential neighborhoods. In this sense, housing in Vernon cannot expect to attract home buyers or renters who have a choice between residential neighborhoods in the market area and housing sites within the City of Vernon. As indicated in Table H -8, the potential residential development sites in Vernon all have some form of negative environmental condition. The surrounding land uses at the sites analyzed include warehousing, food processing plans, general industrial plants and parking lots. The associated truck traffic, noise, odor, and hazards make all of these sites less than desirable locations for residential habitation. That all of these sites have poten- tial ground contamination problems and are within a mile of hazardous waste generators also makes these sites extremely hazardous to potential residents. The development of residential uses at these sites within this industrial environment would create both hardship and hazards for residents substantially greater than those ex- perienced in nearby residential neighborhoods within the market area. Thus, housing units built at these sites as ex- clusevely residential or as mixed use projects would be very difficult to market competively without deep cuts in their price. To be competitive, residential development in the City of Vernon would require that the new residents be provided basic residential services. The services provided at the municipal level include education, recreation and local retail goods and services. The existing residential services are lo- cated in Figure H -2 and the distances to these facilities from each site are presented in Table H -9. Housing Element 30 r 1 IT [: Atte-Nt 44,S4*, Jefferson Senior High School I ih Elementary School., - . • . **, MIN affigin11111•21 2 • 01,1111111111orm Fit 111:41 trf NANA! in 1111111.91 • •;'- MEM II • Roberts r Recreational Center Slauson Recreational Center :Huntington Park 1. Convenience Retail iremok... tai-e-st"- Elementary-LE. School - . - • - Senior Hi h 'Convenience I.: Retail Edison Junior High School, ' Gage Junior High School - ,..„ 41 AWIJgt••• 67,41. h.:411t • "414:1 Pixley „ Parka' ' Nimitz Junior High School z BE1171 "!21113ftifttftk 114_15 PENIMMI NM "Mal Walnut 'ark ._... IMININ SE EWA UV s• no scale SOURCE: Agajanian & Associates 1 N, OM Community ' • Retail ME _ - Maywood Park 1; 4 4. ip Bell Senior -7-2, High School 4/18/89 Figure H-2 Residential Service Facility Locations J Housing 31 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Table H -9 Residential Service Characteristics for Undeveloped and Underutilized Sites in Vernon July 1988 Site Nearest Nearest Nearest Nearest Nearest Nearest Elem. Jr. Hi Sr. Hi Conven. Commun. Park/ School School School Retail (1) Retail (1) Rec UNDEVELOPED 1 0.5 mi 1.Omi 1.0 mi 0.5 mi 0.5 mi 0.8 mi 2 0.5 mi 0.5 mi 0.8 mi 1.0 mi 1.0 mi 0.5 mi 3 0.5 mi 1.0 mi 0.8 mi 0.8 mi 0.8 mi 1.0 mi 4 0.5 mi 0.5 mi 0.8 mi 1.0 mi 1.0 mi 0.5 mi 5 0.8 mi 2.0 mi 1.5 mi 1.5 mi 1.5 mi 1.5 mi 6 0.5 mi 1.5 mi 2.0 mi 1.0 mi 1.0 mi 1.0 mi 7 0.3 mi 2.0 mi 1.4 mi 1.3 mi 1.3 mi 0.8 mi 8 1.4 mi 1.5 mi 1.5 mi 1.4 mi 1.4 mi 1.4 mi UNDEVELOPED A 0.5 mi 1.0 mi 1.0 mi 0.5 mi 0.5 mi 0.8 mi B 0.5 mi 1.2 mi 1.0 mi 0.5 mi 0.5 mi 0.8 mi C 0.8 mi 0.8 mi 1.5 mi 0.5 mi 0.5 mi 0.5 mi D 0.8 mi 0.8 mi 1.5 mi 0.5 mi 0.5 mi 0.5 mi (1) Convenience and community level retail centers Source: Agajanian & Associates Housing Element 32 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 From the standpoint of residential development, all of the sites except Sites 5 and 8 are situated close enough to the boundaries of adjacent residential districts to provide ade- quate residential services. It should be noted that access to residential service facilities from the potential residential sites are along roadways with high truck traffic, railroad cross- ings, and loading activities. These conditions make pedestrian access to residential service facilities difficult for adults and unsafe for children. Thus, although all but two of the sites are adequately served by residential support facilities, the service facilities are accessible only by roadways heavily used by industrial traffic. Summary of To summarize, the Housing Feasibility Analysis found no Housing sites in Vernon suitable for residential development. High Opportunities land costs, combined with added costs to mitigate negative environmental conditions, render residential development economically infeasible. Vernon's pervasive industrial char- acter provides an undesirable environment for residential development, requiring subsidized housing prices in order to stimulate any potential housing demand. Finally, access to services from potential residential sites are along roadways heavily used by industrial traffic. Significant future residential development is inappropriate in Vernon. As indicated by the City's RHNA allocation of zero future housing units, opportunities for residential develop- ment in Vernon are significantly constrained due to its per- vasive industrial character. Nonetheless, additional residential development will not be precluded in Vernon. The Housing Element must be concerned with . the main- tenance of the units which currently exist in Vernon and the addition of any ancillary units required to support public safety personnel and local industry. Major environmental constraints preclude other types of housing. Housing Element 33 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 3.0 GOALS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMS The major features of the City of Vernon General Plan Up- date as they relate to housing are to preserve the existing housing stock in the City and to insure that housing in the City is well maintained. The goals and policies of the Housing Element are concerned with emphasizing the need for safe and sound housing in the City. The primary goal of the Housing Element concerns the safety and maintenance of all dwelling units. The Housing Element also recognizes the occasional need for a plant to have a fulltime caretaker, watchman, or key employee residing on -site. The goals and policies encourage this use as long as the dwellings are necessary to the operation and meet all applicable building and zoning codes. The Housing Element is concerned about the health and safety of residents living on or adjacent to plant sites. The goals and policies discourage the occupation or construction of dwelling units on industrial sites where activities are in- volved in operations potentially hazardous to residents. In addition, all units are required to have adequate insulation and air conditioning to reduce potentially adverse air quality and noise related impacts from the adjacent industrial uses. Housing Element 34 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 3.1 Goals and Policies GOAL 1 MAINTAIN A SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS TO ACCOMMODATE PUBLIC SAFETY PERSON- NEL AND KEY EMPLOYEES OF INDUSTRY. POLICY 1.1: Continue to provide housing for persons in- volved in or concerned with public safety or local industry in the City. POLICY 1.2: Provide for the retention of existing residential units in the City which are economically and physically sound. POLICY 1.3: Continue to permit residential development within the City's industrial and commercial zones provided that existing environmental constraints, e.g., noise, odor, haz- ardous waste, can be mitigated to an acceptable level. GOAL 2 ENSURE THAT ALL HOUSING UNITS ARE MAIN- TAINED IN DECENT, SAFE AND SANITARY CONDI- TION. POLICY 2.1: Continue to enforce all relevant building and zoning codes to ensure that all residential units are adequately maintained. POLICY 2.2: Encourage the separation of residential units from industrial operations or storage areas which are poten- tially hazardous to the health and safety of their occupants. POLICY 2.3: Require all residential units to be equipped with air conditioning and sound insulation in new construc- tion or as part of any remodeling work to protect residents from exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Housing Element 35 C Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 POLICY 2.4: Mitigate any residential displacement impacts occurring as a result of residential demolition through unit replacement or relocation of tenants. GOAL 3 PROMOTE THE CONTINUED AVAILABILITY OF A RANGE IN UNIT TYPES AND SIZES AVAILABLE REGARDLESS OF INCOME, RACE OR ETHNIC BACK- GROUND. POLICY 3.1: Prohibit discrimination in the availability of housing, and prosecute anyone found guilty of practicing housing discrimination. Housing Element 36 i r r i r. Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 3.2 Programs Existing Program - Maintenance of City -Owned Residences Proposed Program - Code Enforcement As discussed in this Element, residential development is un- likely in Vernon due to the City's pervasive industrial charac- ter. SCAG has adopted a future housing need of zero in Vernon, recognizing the incompatibility of locating housing in such a heavy industrial environment. As such, programs to increase the City's housing stock are not appropriate. As indicated in the goals and policies, the primary goal of the Housing Element is to ensure the maintenance of the City's existing housing stock. The following two programs will im- plement this goal. The City owns 26 of the total 32 housing units in Vernon which are rented to public safety personnel to ensure the availability of safety personnel in case of emergency. The City is respon- sible for the maintenance and upkeep of these units. As indicated in the housing conditions survey (refer to Section 2.1 of the Housing Element), all of the City-owned units were determined to be in good repair. The City will continue to provide maintenance to these units, thus ensuring upkeep for the majority of Vernon's housing stock. Of the six non -City owned units located in Vernon, only one was determined by the housing conditions survey to be in need of substantial rehabilitation. Due to the limited number of privately - owned units in the City, a code enforcement pro- gram would have limited application. However, it is nonethe- less imperative that residential units be adequately maintained, particularly those integrated with industry, to minimize potential environmental hazards. The City will, as required, undertake code enforcement activities on Vernon's few privately -owned units to ensure the health and safety of City residents. Housing Element 37 r i Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 4.0 ADDENDUM: PRESERVATION OF ASSISTED HOUSING The Vernon Housing Element, adopted in April 1989, is in conformance with the 1989 -1994 update cycle for jurisdictions within the SCAG region. The State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) reviewed the City's adopted element and has determined the element to be in compliance with State law. Subsequent to adoption of the Vernon Housing Element, a new requirement was added to State law (Chapter 1451, Statutes of 1989) pertaining to preservation of assisted hous- ing. Specifically, the housing element must now include ad- ditional needs analysis and programs to address the potential conversion of all federal, State and locally assisted housing developments eligible to change to non -low- income use during the next ten year period. Government Code Section 65583(8) defines assisted housing developments as the following: "multi - family rental housing that receives governmental assistance under federal programs listed in subdivision (a) of Section 65863.10, state and local multi - family revenue bond programs, local redevelopment programs, the federal Community Development Block Grant Program, or local in -lieu fees.. Assisted housing develop- ments shall also include multi- family rental units that were developed pursuant to a local inclusionary housing program or used to qualify for a density bonus pursuant to Section 65916." Vernon has no assisted housing in its jurisdiction, as con- firmed by discussions with City and State HCD staff, and through review of "Inventory of Federally Subsidized Low -In- come Rental Units at Risk of Conversion" (California Hous- ing Partnership Corporation), and the "Use of Housing Revenue Bond Proceeds - 1990" (California Debt Advisory Commission). As a result, there is no housing at risk of losing Housing Element 38 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 its subsidized status which must be considered in the Housing Element. Housing Element 39 r [1 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 SAFETY ELEMENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 State Requirements The Safety Element is concerned with identifying both the natural and man -made hazards to public safety affecting the City of Vernon and addressing the City's ability to respond to them. The element discusses those risks specific to Vernon that may result in loss of life, injury and property damage. In addition, the Safety Element is concerned with identifying ways to reduce risks and minimize property damage, injury, and loss of life in the event of a man -made or natural catastrophe. Prior to amendments in 1984, State law stipulated that every general plan must contain a Safety Element and a Seismic Safety Element or the required components of the two ele- ments configured into an existing element or elements. The State eliminated the requirement for a separate seismic safety element, though the required contents of the element must now be incorporated into the expanded Safety Element. Safety Element 1 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 State law, as amended, requires that every safety element include the following components: o The identification, mapping and appraisal of seismic hazards which would be of concern, including those areas subject to liquefaction, ground- shaking, surface rupture, or seismic sea waves (Section 65302(g)); o An appraisal of mudslides, landslides, and slope instability which may occur as a result of an earthquake (Section 65302(g)); o The identification of the potential for fires and other natural and man -made disasters and measures designed to reduce the loss of life, injury, and damage to property (Section 65302(g)); and o The identification of evacuation routes, peakload water supply requirements, and minimum road widths and clearances (Section 65302(g)). The Safety Element meets the current requirements of State Law as it relates to the safety element. In addition, this element is a combination and update of the Public Safety Element and the Seismic Element adopted in 1975. Safely Element 2 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 1.2 Issues and Opportunities The City of Vernon is fortunate in that it is located on flat land well away from hillside areas subject to landslides or wildfires. The Los Angeles River, which flows through the City, is channelized, thereby greatly reducing danger of flooding. Also, the City is located some distance from dams and reser- voirs which might rupture during an earthquake, resulting in inundation of urban areas. Nevertheless, there are a number of natural and man -made hazards which pose some threat to businesses and employees. The major safety hazards facing Vernon are: o Severe groundshaking from an earthquake could result in destruction of buildings and bridges, ruptured gas and water lines, fires, chemical spills, and downed utility lines. Areas most subject to earthquake damage are shown on Figure 2 in the General Plan Background Report: Safety Element; o Risk of explosion or leak from the Mobil petroleum storage facility; o Risk of accidents or chemical spills from the truck traffic and railroads which cross the City; o Risk of a major fire in the older, more densely developed area of the City where containment would be difficult; and o Risk of a chemical spill from one of the many industries using or producing hazardous chemicals in their operations. In order to respond to these emergencies, the City of Vernon maintains its own Police, Fire, and Health and Safety depart- ments. The City's water system is also designed to provide adequate emergency fireflow for heavy industry. In addition, many industries have personnel trained in emergency proce- dures. Nevertheless, in the event of an earthquake- related Safety Element 3 r Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 disaster, streets, bridges, railroads and freeways to the City may be disrupted and - -if the earthquake occurred during a work day -- a percentage of 40,000 persons employed in the City could be affected and need temporary shelter until they could return home. Since the City lacks private housing and support facilities (food stores, health care, etc.) this would be a significant challenge to City resources. Vernon is also unique in that its industrial character and central location make it attractive as a potential site for firms processing hazardous waste. The City has the staff to monitor such uses and infrastructure to serve them. Planning for such uses in Vernon must consider appropriate locations for haz- ardous waste haulers, transfer stations, and reduction ac- tivities that will protect and complement other businesses. Safety Element 4 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 2.0 PROPOSALS 2.1 Environmental Risk The natural and man -made hazards which may impact the City of Vernon are identified in Table S -1. The table identifies the "level of risk" and the geographic range for selected hazards. Each potential hazard to the public safety and wel- fare has been assessed according to the following levels of risk: 1. Low Risk - The level of risk below which no specific action is deemed necessary. 2. Medium Risk - The level of risk above which specific action is required to protect life and property. 3. High Risk - Risk levels are significant and occurrence of a particular event is deemed highly probable or inevitable. The "scope of risk" refers to the geographic area that could be potentially affected with the occurrence of one of the hazards. The scope of risk also includes three levels: 1. Local - The affected geographic area that is directly af- fected would be localized or site specific; 2. Citywide - The affected area would include a significant portion or all of the City; and 3. Regional - The affected area would include entire City of Vernon and the surrounding region. Safety Element 5 Vernon General Plan April 18, 1989 Table S -1 Level/Scope of Risk HAZARD Low LEVEL OF RISK Moderate High Local SCOPE OF RISK City -wide Regional Earthquake Surface rupture Liquefaction Ground - shaking Slope failure Tsunami Dam failure ® I® ■ Landslide Flooding Local ponding 50 year flood 100 year flood S l0 ■ Fire Industrial Chemical Gas main Subsurface High -rise Wildland IS O Iv Chemical Contamination Road spill Airborne Subsurface Radiological 1 ■ ■ 1 ■ S Severe Airborne Pollution Episode ■ 1 Major Accident Industrial Major road Aircraft Railway ■ Is ® ® 1 0 0 Water Shortage I® 1 Safety Element 6 is r I: i f r Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Policies identified in the General Plan identify the ap- propriate action necessary to protect life and property from those hazards with medium or high levels of potential risk. The primary objective of the City is to be fully self- sufficient to deal with all events which represent a threat to public safety. The potential hazards, both man -made and natural, which may affect Vernon are discussed in the following para- graphs. Seismic There is a high degree of certainty that an earthquake of Hazards significant magnitude will occur and impact the City during the "planning period" of the Vernon General Plan. An earthquake, related to faulting along the San Andreas Fault System, has been assigned a probability of occurring some- time in the next 30 years. This earthquake is expected to have a Richter magnitude in excess of 8.0. According to an analysis conducted by geologists, an earthquake of this magnitude would result in the greatest natural disaster in the history of the United States. Depending on the time of day, the earthquake would cause between 3,000 and 13,000 fatalities in the Southern California region. These are conservative estimates with others ranging between 20,000 and 50,000 fatalities. The implementation of the goals and policies con- tained in the Vernon General Plan will have no effect on the probability of an occurrence though the adverse effects as- sociated with such an event may be lessened. The City maintains a Disaster Preparedness Plan. This Plan is reviewed and updated periodically to respond to new infor- mation or knowledge gained from quakes in other areas. The Plan divides the City into five sectors and designates a fire captain to be in charge of each sector with primary respon- sibility for conduct of rescue and public safety operations in that sector. Evacuation centers named include the elemen- tary school, the City's four fire stations and the Civic Center. Safety Element 7 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Fire The western two - thirds of the City is underlain by the Gaspar Aquifer, a course sandy layer susceptible to ground shaking. In addition, there is a potential for liquefaction in the easternmost portion of the City in Planning Area 9. The general location of stress areas and the major fault systems in the region are identified in Figures in the Background Report for the Public Safety Element. To reduce the level of risk associated with seismic activity, the City enforces building code requirements for seismic con- struction in new buildings and State law requiring the reinfor- cement of older buildings. The implementation of the goals and policies of the Vernon General Plan will have a beneficial effect of reducing poten- tial fire hazards in the City. The replacement of older, deteriorating structures, requiring owners to maintain their properties, and incorporating up -to -date fire suppression devices in appropriate structures will reduce the occurrence of structural fires in the City. Peak fireflow requirements of 5,000 gpm will be maintained or the City will act to assure adequate level of fire flow. Chemical The industrial character of the City, the prevalent use of Contamination chemicals by industry, and the increased importance and use of chemicals requires continued efforts and cooperation be- tween the City and industry to see that all chemicals and toxic materials are safely handled. The Fire Department maintains records of the types of hazardous chemicals used or produced by all industries, enabling the department to respond quickly and appropriately to an incident. The Fire Department has response plans for reaction to any major event occurrence including earthquake. In addition, a Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Unit is currently being equipped and staffed. In the past, the City has relied on the County Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Unit to deal with events in Vernon. However, the City Hazardous Safety Element 8 Vernon General Plan June 16, 1992 Materials Unit will become fully operative by late- summer 1992. Hazardous materials are regulated by the City Health Depart- ment. Businesses dealing with any significant amount of these materials must prepare and submit to the Department a Risk Management Prevention Plan (RMPP). The purpose of this Plan is to identify materials used and in what location and to assure an adequate and appropriate response in the event of upset. The City has designated certain routes to be used in the event of an emergency to evacuate workers quickly. Routes are identified in Figure S -1 are established in the City's Disaster Preparedness Plan and evacuation will be directed in accord with that Plan. • Hazardous Industries which use hazardous materials in industrial proces- Wastes ses may produce hazardous wastes which require specialized methods of handling and treatment. Waste transport routes are designated to minimize the exposure of persons to these materials during the transporting of waste from the business or plant to a collection or reduction center. The Los Angeles County Hazardous Waste Management Plan ( "Plan ") identifies policies and programs for waste management in Los Angeles County. The Plan is hereby adopted by reference as Vernon's Hazardous Waste Manage- ment Plan. Vernon uses the facility siting criteria established in the Plan in making land use decisions. All applicable safety measures are considered. Safety Element 9 E/N Al CD .JOC �-T >zo ZT7 1-1,J0 fl>7 n� m 0 rt 3. La O CD w — CD z 0 Crs 1 Alameda Stree ■' ■ ...-.. • *• `n (/o - ▪ w CD C) O a o ▪ '< < m 0 � c O �. —. CD 0) 0 rr luawal- (C7afnS c o • o 0. 0 co 5 0 t7 • 0• d 0 CCD 0 r 0 P (T) ca cr' O CD . co h 7 0 Q: CD O� AD 0 o� a� CI) c0D 0 0 IJ' x . v C1. b CD �' O -p O O ,t ,.0 O j E. v' CD 00 `L7 5 c, `C �. `G r _. O� cD 0 0 „ `C 0 F.� 0. c) 0 cm 0 0 CD CI-, �' MI O° ▪ 0 ,,C)" — ° SSA • cD 0 0 0 W 't b N Qq P CA Cla 01:'D ,-, CD Co,'' 0 o c 0 CCD co fa, . 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