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Resolution No. 2013-031 (3)VERNON HOUSING ELEMENT HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT Air Quality Assessment Files Provided by PCR Services Corporation October 2012 A Air. Pollutant Emitting Sources B Emission Rate Calculations C Incremental Cancer Risk and Cancer Burden Calculations (HARP Output) D AERMOD Model Output File Appendix A Air Pollutant Emitting Sources N O C O cc O N 0) N 7 E ' _o o % _E s C L° 0) y a)x o 0) 0)E .O oaa) L L o ° ° Z o° w o` 0 e£ d e 0c m v c_ c w c o •� � N U a1 U a7 u V W rO •C a) y � L D N N s N C N E � N C FS a) O C 7 C C C a) C a C a) C L OC L -IF N N C a)O C a y y la O N 0 C N a) C C C N a1 O a) L C N C V -2 'UO •p N L t_ a) C C W L N .0 al O N ,r, �. C L NO m 10 T N L C T16 L O C N C O C C C C N C N L .0C S. aaN77 y�y m O N O a1 L '0 N la la ry p a1 C 0_ v0- w N ry N T .00 N N '0 to 00 C C O O O a� D 10 C N .2 rq€ d (Ua E T N C N c M L R C4 N N N >y m m2 a v m v m p 2 y m Q2 .O m U V m U U m 2 m m m y m.ym N y V N N L N E L S E 0 Q Q Q Q O D O Q Ld Ld �a Q N LL1 (a Q O L O tNoo Via W W C6 n -N of ID(n O N 001 O h N Co M O ID M N N r N (Op N O er r N N 1U �0 N 10 . O m N O W) lli l0 M O �p 'C C C G C 0 C a G O T O O C N r N (7 — m EL v EO v CVex c o o Y F-.c CC d m 0 '� O U> y 5 r S QN Ill c O U O LL y� (,1 •pp N la O C W y F N ra`i N L Q N E - Ol ' 0 N �p Z N C a C E Q !E lL J N 'C C N C LL 0 FL m x" m 0 m —` o 0 2a. m a 0 E U U U 0 Q F 0 E E N Appendix B Emission Rate Calculations ■ Stationary Sources ■ Mobile Sources Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 Site #2 UNIPOLO Fabrics Corporation 5000 District Boulevard Operation: External Boiler and Dryer / Natural Gas Temporal Profile: hrs days weeks 24 7 52 Equipment Rating: Boiler 1 1.47E+07 Boiler 1.47E+07 Dryer 1 720E+06 Dryer 2 7.20E+06 Total BTU/Hour 4,4E+07 Emission Factor: Pounds TOGIle Cubic Feet 5.3 Emissions: 0.2211 Ibs/hour Speciation: Compound Compound Wt Frncnou Emissions Composite: Formaldehyde 0.08 - 0.0177 Benzene 0.04 0.0088 Toluene 0.02 .0.0044 n-Hexane 0.01 0.0022 Other (NOS) 0.85 0.1879 Total 0.2211 Ibs/bour lbs/hr 0.2211 Ibs/year 1936.836 Site 1_2 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 Site #3 (Allied Veneer Co.) 4901 Frutiland Avenue Operation: HUD On -Site Mobile Source Activity Temporal Profile: bra days weeks Weekday 12 5 52 3120 Weekend 0 0 0 Number of Sources Track trips per day - 10 Volume/Baseline (VPH) 0.8 Vehicle Idle Time(hr) 0.25 Idle Emission Rat4n(g/idle-hr) 1.454 Emission Rare (gr/sec) = ((Exhaust Emission Rare x Vehicle Idle 7Yme x Traffic Volume)/(3600 sec/hi) Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec) 0.00008 Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec/source) 8.41E-05 Area (MI) 1626 Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec/n}) - 5.18E-08 Emission Rate Scaler by Ending HourNPH: 9 1 10 1 II 1 12 1 13 1 14 ] 15 1 16 I (1) Note: Emission factor is PM, at 0 mph taken from EMFAC2007 run for calendar year 2012. Approximately 10 truck deliveries per day usually in the morning and late afternoon. Thus, it was conservatively assumed to occur within school hours. lbs/hr 0.0032059 Ibs/year 10.002381 Site 12 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Site #4 (Pacific Coast Chemical) 5100 District Boulevard Operation: FIND On -She Mobile Source Activity Temporal Pronle: hrs days Weekday 12 5 Weekend 0 0 Number of Sources Truck trips per day Volume/Baseline (VPH) Vehicle Idle Time (hr) Idle Emission RaO)(g/idle-hr) Vernon Housing Element- H.RA Sites 1 and 2 weeks 52 0 1 40 3.3 0.25 1.454 Emission Rare (gr1sec) _ ((Exhaust Emission Rafe x Vehicle Idle lime x Daft Volume)/(3600 sec/hf) Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec) 0.00034 Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec/source) 3.37E-04 Area (ms) 2903 Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sectni) 1.16E-07 Emission Rate Scalar by Ending Hour/VPH: 9 1 10 1 11 1 12 1 13 l 14 ] 15 1 16 1 (1) Note: Emission factor is PMO at 0 mph taken from EMFAC2007 tan for calendar year 2012. Approximately 40 truck trips per day. Hours of operation 5:00 am to 5:00 pm Monday through Friday Site 1_2 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Site 5 - Frey Environmental 22 S. Atlantic Blvd, Vernon CA 90058 Operation: Soil Vapor Extraction Temporal Pmfdc: Emissions: Compound Hexane Benzene MTBE Ethylbenzene . Total Other Given Information Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 hrs days 24 7 Mass Conc. Effluent (ppmv) Mw mg/m3 50 88.18 160.10 0.18 78.11 0.58 0.25 88.15 0.90 0.11 106.17 0.48 Flow Rate (SCFM) 300 ".input (m^3/Iu) 509.7 <ck Height (ft) 14 Stack Diameter(inches) 8 Exhaust Temp (F) 1400 No Rain Cap Source: SCAQMD Permit Application (Permit #G12905) weeks 52 Emissions Adjusted (lb/hr) (Ib/yr) Wt Fraction 0.18 1,576 0.001 5.7 2.95E-01 0.001 8.9 0-001 4.7 2.45E-01 1.93E+01 5.39E-01 Site 12 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 Site #6: Douglas Burgers (Drive -In) 5208 S. Atlantic Blvd. Maywood CA 90270 Charbroller Operation: Charbro/ling Temporal Profile: 12 4 52 13 3 52 Materials: Acetaldehyde (surrogate for TOG) Emission Factor., Pounds TOG/Hour 0.229 Emissions: Ibs/hr Ibs/year 0.229 1000.272 0.229 Lbs/Hour T;a�; 9/s Site 1_2 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 Site #7: Las Trancas 5351 Atlantic Blvd, Maywood CA 90270 Charbroller Operation: Charbroiling Temporal Profile: 12 4 52 Materials: Acetaldehyde (surrogate for TOG) Emission Factor. Pounds TOG/Hour . 0.229 Emissions: 0.229 Lbs/Hour �tb!. g/s Ibs/hr 0.229 Ibs/year 1000.272 Site 1_2 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 , Site #8: Ramirez Auto Repair 5504 South Atlantic Boulevard Auto Repair Operation: Solvent Evaporation Temporal Profile: 12 6 52 0 0 52 Materials: Carburetor Cleaner 3.6 gal/mo 6.93 VOC Ibs/gal Brake Cleaner 1.0 gal/mo 11.16 VOC Ibs/gal Emissions: Average Monthly Carburetor Cleaner 24.948 Ibs/mo Brake Cleaner 1.1.160 Ibs/mo Total 36.108 LbslMonth 0.117 Lbs/Hour 2�4•. L Grm/Sec Speclation: Compmmd Compomd Adjusted Wt Freetion Emissions Wt Fraction Carburetor Cleaner Toluene 0.43 10.728 0.297 Methanol 0.29 7.235 0.200 Acetone 0.23 6.738 0.159 Diacetone Alcohol 0.05 1.247 0.035 Brake Cleaner Methyl Chloroform 0.99 11.048 0.306 Other (NOS) 0.01 0.112 0.003 Total 36.108 1.000 Ibs/hr Site 1 2 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 Site #8: El Lemplra 5516 South Atlantic Boulevard Charbroiler Operation: Charbrolling Temporal Profile: 12 q 52 13 3 52 Materials: Acetaldehyde (surrogate for TOG) Emission Factor: Pounds TOG/Hour 0.229 Emissions: 0.229 Lbs/Hour g/s Ibs/hr 0.229 Ibstyear 1000.272 Site 1_2 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 Site #10 (Kop-Coat) 5431 District Boulevard Operation: Surface Cleaning Temporal Profile: hrs days weeks Weekday 8 5 52 Weekend 0 0 52 Production Rates: Monthly volume 10,750 gal/month Emission Factor: SCAQMD Reported Emissionstrt 1.967 tons VOC/year Emissions: 327.8333333 Ibs/month 1.91 Ibs/hr 0.240 grams/second Speclation: Compound Compound • Wl Frnedon - Emissions Composite: Ethylbenzene 0.018 0.03 Xylene 0.089 0.17 VM & P Napthe 0.536 1.02 Stoddard Solvent 0.179 0.34 Other (NOS) 0.179 0.34 Total 1.000 1.91 Abs/hour (1) Note: Speciation of VOC emissions are based on the relative weight percentage VOC components of the paint MSDS provided by the KopCoat facility for product (The Protector VOC B90 Red) (2) Note: Emission Rates obtained from AQMD's Facility Information Detail (Find) search engine. Used 2003 emission (highest emiss Site 1_2 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Site 011 (Matheson Tri-Gas) 4855 East 52nd Place Operation: HHD On -Site Mobile Source Activity Temporal Profile: lrs days Weekday 24 5 Weekend 24 2 Numbm of Sources Track trips per day Volume/Baseline (VPH) Vehicle Idle Time (hr) Idle Emission ROO (g/idle-hr) Vetnon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 weeks 52 52 1 30 - 3.8 0.25 1.454 Emission Rare (gr/sec) = ((Exhausi Emission Rate x Vehicle Idle Dine x 7igfc Volume)/(3600 sec/hr) Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec) - 0.00038 Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec/source) 3.79E-04 Area (m°) 23462 Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec/ni) F 1.6113.08 Emission Rate Scaler by Ending Hour/VPH: 9 1 10 ll 1 12 13 ] 14 I IS 1 16 1 (1) Note: Emission factor is I Mo at 0 mph taken from EWAC2007 urn for calendar year 2012. Approximately 30 truck deliveries per day. Facility operates 24 hours per day. No confirmation of when truck deliveries occur. Given the close Proximity of the facility to the proposed school site, it was conservatively assumed that all truck trips occur within school hours (8 hours). Site 1_2 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 Site Mal: Castrol Industrial North America, Inc. 5511 District Boulevard Operation: External Combustion Boiler / Natural Gas Temporal Profile: hrs days Weeks 8 5 52 Equipment Rating BTU/Hour Equipment Used (k) Emission Factor: Pounds TOG/106 Cubic Feet Emissions: Speciation: Composite: 1.99E+06 1 M 0.0100 Ibs/hour Compound Compound Wt Fracaon Emissions Formaldehyde 0.08 0.0008 Benzene 0.04 0.0004 Toluene 0.02 0.0002 n-Hexane 0.01 0.0001 Other (NOS) 0.85- 0.0085 Total 0.0100- Ibs/hour Site 1 2 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 Site #12b: Castrol Industrial North America, Inc. 5511 District Boulevard Operation: HHD On -Site Mobile Source Activity (Receiving) Temporal Profile: Jars days weeks Weekday 8 5 52 Weekend 0 0 0 Number of Sources I Trucks per day 4 Volume/Baseline (VPH) 0.5 Vehicle Idle Time (hr) 0.5 Idle Emission Ratdtl(g/idle-hr) - 1.99 Emisslon Rate (gdsec) _ ((Exhaust Emission Rate x Vehicle Idle Dine x 7),qffic Volume)/(3600 sec/hi) Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec) 0.00014 Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec/source) 138E-04 Emission Rate Scalar by Ending 11omNPH 9 1 10 1 11 12 1 1 13 1 14 1 15 1 16 1 (1) Note: Emission factor is PM, taken from EMFAC2007 run for calendar year 2007 Site 1_2 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/812012 Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 Site #13 (international Paper) 3030 South Atlantic Boulevard Operation: External Boiler and Dryer / Natural Gas Temporal Profile: bra days weeks 24 7 52 Equipment Rating: Total BTU/Rsur Emission Factor: Pounds TOG/10" Cubic Feel Emissions: Specialism: Composite: Formaldehyde Benzene Toluene n-Hexane Other (NOS) Total 1.675E+07 5.3 0.0845 Ibs/hour Compound W[ Fraction 0.08 0.04 0�,02 0.01 0.85 Compound Emiaaiona 0.0068 0.0034 0.0017 0.0008 0.0719 0.0845 Ibsasour Site 12 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Site #13 (International Paper) 3030 South Atlantic Boulevard Operation: HHD On -Site Mobile Source Activity Temporal Profile: Ins; days Weekday 24 5 Weekend 24 2 Number of Sources Truck trips per day VolumeMaseline (VPH) Vehicleldle Time (hr) Idle Emission Ratdtl(g/idle-hr) Vernon Housing Element- HRA Sites 1 and 2 weeks 52 52 1 50 2.1 0.25 1.454 Emission Rare (grIne) = ((Exhaust Emission Rate x Vehicle Idle 77me x 7}q67c Valun+e)/(3600 sec/hr) Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec) Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec/source) Area (m') Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec/rd) Emission Rate Scalar by Ending Hour/VPH: 0.00021 2.10E-04 9656.6 2.18E-OB 9 10 1 I 12 1 13 I 14 15 1 16 1 (1) Note: Emission factor is PMO at 0 mph taken from EMFAC2007 run for calendar year 2012. Approximately 50 truck deliveries per day. Facility operates 24 hours per day and track trips were evenly distributed over the operating hours. Site 12 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element. HRA Site #13 (international Paper) Sites 1 and 2 3030 South Atlantic Boulevard - Printing Boxes Operation: Printing Temporal Profile. 24 5 52 9 1 52 Materials: Ink 77 gal/mo Emissions: Average Monthly Ink 300.93 lbs/mo 0.54 Lbs/Hour 0.0684 Gnn/Sec Speciation: Ink: Styrene Other (NOS) Total 3.90816 VOC Ibs/gal Compound C.pouud AdjuMW Wt F1.11. F isd.m Wlrmfi. 0.05 15.046 0.050 0.95 285.882 0.950 300.928 1.000 Site 12 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 101812012 Vernon Housing Element - HRA Site 3 Site #1: Alameda Corridor Emission Rate Computation Diesel Particulate Matter Emissions Source Size Number of Sources Link Length (feet). Link Length (meters) Trains per Day' Locomotives per Train' Hours of Operation Locomotives per Hour Emission Rate per Locomotive (throttle notch 6) (grams/hr) 2,3.4 Short Term Emission Rate per Locomotive (grams/hr)5 Train Speed (mph) Adjusted Locomotive Emission Rate (grams/mile) Mass Emission Rate (grams/sec) Short Term Mass Emission Rate (grams/sec/source) Long -Term Emission Rate per Locomotive (grams/hr)5 Train Speed (mph) Adjusted Locomotive Emission Rate (grams/mile) Mass Emission Rate (grams/sec) Long Term Mass Emission Rate (grams/sec/source) 501`1 x 50ft 100 3281 1000 (1) Based on Information provided by LAUSD-OEHS (2) Emission rate per locomotive Is based upon Health Risk Assessment for the BNSF Railway Hobart Railyard (2007) and the Health Risk Assessment for the Union Pacific Railroad Commerce Railyard (2007). (3) Based upon prior evaluations, the following were assumed: locomotives operate at throttle notch setting 6; there Is an equal distribution of UP and BNSF locomotives. the sulfer contents of UP and BNSF locomotives are 2,639 ppm and 1, 110 ppm, respectively; GE Dash 9 and SD-7x models are representative of both fleets; and 75% of locomotives use 2-stroke engines and the remaining use 40slroke engines. (4) Emission factors were adjusted to account for the use of ultra -low sulfur diesel It ppm) following CARB's OFFROAD Modeling Change Tech Memo, Changes to the Locomotive Inventory (2005). (5) Short Term emission rate is applicable to student exposure since EPA 2008 locomotive rules do not have an appreciable effect on chronic health risks. (6) Long Term emission rate accounts for an average reduction of 20% over the next 30 years based upon 2008 EPA locomotive rules. 100 4 24 16.67 526.30 526.30 40 13.16 3.79E-02 3.79E-04 421.04 40 10.53 3,03E-02 3.03E-04 Site 3 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element - HRA Site 3 Site #2a Prudential Lighting Corporation '774 E. 21st Street, Los Anaeles. CA Painting Operation: Refinishing hrs days weeks Temporal Profile: 12 5 52 Materials: Primer 5 gal/day Top Coat 5 gal/day Thinner/Reducer 3.0gal/day Emissions: Average Monthly Primer 3.95 Ibs/day Top Coat 17.50 Ibs/day Thinner / Reducer 6.60 Ibs/day Total 28.05 Lbs/Month 0.11 Lbs/Hour 0.0137 Grm/Sec Speciation: Primer: Top Coat Thinner / Reducer 2-butoxyethanol Other (NOS) � Xylene Ethylbenzene Other (NOS) Xylene Other (NOS) Total Xylene total 0.79 VOC Ibs/gal 3.5 VOC Ibs/gal 2.20 VOC Ibs/gal Compound Compound Adjusted Wt Fraction Emissions Wt Fraction 0.80 3.160 0.113 0.20 0.790 0.028 0.05 0.875 0.031 0.05 0.875 0.031 0.9 15.750 0.561 0.50 3.300 0.118 0.50 3.300 0.118 28.060 1.000 0.149 $Its 3 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element - HRA Site 3 Site #2b Prudential Lighting Corporation 1774 E. 21st Street Los Angeles, CA Operation: Diesel Fuel Oil Combustion Temporal Profile: Hrs Days Wicks 1 1 50 Equipment Specifications: Equipment Used (0) 1.0 Operational Time.(hrs) 16.7 Average Rated Horsepower 300 PM10 Emission Factor (glbhp-hr) 1.0 Load Factor (% / 100) 1.0 Emissions: 0.0833 g/sec Emission rate scalar (intermittent use): 0.0457 Ibsft 0.661463157 Ibs/yr 0.661463157 Site 3 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/812012 Vernon Housing Element - HRA Site 3 Site #3 Continental Fleet Paint and Body 1.021 E. 25th Street, Los Angeles, CA Paintlna Operation: Refinishing bra days weeks Temporal Profile: 12 5 52 Materials., Primer 5 gal/day Top Coat 5 gal/day Thinner / Reducer 3.0 gal/day Emissions: Average Monthly Primer 3.95 Ibs/day Top Coat 17.50 Ibs/day Thinner / Reducer 6.60 Ibs/day Total 28.05 Lbs/Month 0.11 Lbs/Hour 0.0137 Grm/Sec Speciation: Primer: Top Coat Thinner / Reducer 2-butoxyethanol Other (NOS) Xylene Ethylbenzene Other (NOS) Xylene Other (NOS) Total Xylene total 0.79 VOC Ibs/gal 3.5 VOC Ibs/gal 2.20 VOC Ibs/gal Cmopound Compound Ad mcd Wl Fraction Emissions Wt Fmc5ua 0.80 3.160 0.113 0.20 0.790 0.026 0.05 0.875 0,031 0.05 0.875 0.031 0.9 15.750 0.561 0.50 3.300 0.118 0.50 3.300 0.118 28.050 1.000 0.149 Site 3 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element - HRA Site 3 Site #4 Roy Hanson Manufacturing 1960 South Alameda Street, Los Angeles, CA Pain In Operation: Refinishing hrs days weeks Temporal Profile: 12 5 52 Materials: Primer 5 gal/day Top Coat 5 gal/day Thinner/Reducer 3.0gal/day Emissions: Average Monthly Primer 3.95 Ibs/day Top Coat 17.50 Ibs/day Thinner / Reducer 6.60 Ibs/day Total 28.05 Lbs/Month 0.11 Lbs/Hour 0.0137 Grm/Sec Speciation: Primer: 2-butoxyethanol Other (NOS) Top Coat Xylene Ethylbenzene Other (NOS) Thinner/Reducer Xylene Other (NOS) Total Xylene total: 0.79 VOC Ibs/gal 3.5 VOC Ibs/gal 2.20 VOC Ibs/gal Compound Compound Adjusted Wt Fseceon Emissions Wt Fmcdon 0.80 3.160 0.113 0.20 0.790 0.028 0.05 0.875 0.031 0.05 0.875 0.031 0.9 15.750 0.561 0.50 3.300 0.118 0.50 3.300 0.118 28.060 1.000 0.149 Site 3 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element - HRA Site 3 Site #5: California Portland Cement Company 2026 E 27th St, Vernon CA 90058 Operation: HHD Oo-Sire Mobile Source Activity (Receiving) Temporal Profile: Weekday Weekend Number of Sources Trucks per day Volume/Baseline (VPH) Vehicle Idle Time (hr) Idle Emission Ratgn(g/idle-hr) bra days weeks 8 5 52 0 0 0 1 20 2.5 0.5 1.99 Emission Rare (givsec) = ((Exhaasr Emission Rare x Vehicle Idle 71me x 7)1q67c Volume)/(3600 sec/hr) Toxic Emission.Rele (gr/sec) 0.00069 Toxic Emission Rate (gr/sec/source) 6.91E-04 Emission Rate Scalar by Ending Hour/VPH: 9 1 10 I 11 1 12 1 13 1 14 1 15 ] 16 1 (1) Note: Emission factor is Phls taken from EMFAC2007 ran for calendar year 2007 Site 3 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element - HRA Site 3 Site #6 Forever 21 2001 South Alameda Street, Los Angeles, CA Operation: Diesel Fuel Oil Combustion Temporal Profile: Hrs nays Weeks 1 50 Equipment Specifications: Equipment Used (4) 1.0 Operational Time (hrs) 16.7 Average Rated Horsepower 300 PM10 Emission Factor(g/bhp-hr) 1.0 Load Factor (% / 100) 1.0 Emissions: 0.0833 g/sec Emission rate scalar(intermittent use): 0.0457 Site 3 Emission Rate Calculation (100812) 10/8/2012 O H .Mq 0 h N "'I O 10 M VI T VI N W b n O lD M b �p 01 M N O qq N W Of SR mm p A O F M N N W W p, Ol W W W M M �-1 N lG Of W V1 M M Q b O Q M O 01 01 N N N W ,-I- rl 'I '1 N FYI v c d V Q. V vl VI IA vi o d V AI M N O ,-I N M Q VI b N W OI � ,may M eM1 eQi ,M-� �b-I ,n-1 ti ti N N N N V� OI 'I N N 'i 1Y� b 1O O1 yyy�� 10 b Q N Vl lC ��V}1 yV�l fYT� OI e1. ei ei ei 'i ,Y e4 MI Vl YI O Vl VI N N V1 N Vl IA N YI 'V O �VI ,YI o ,-1 N m a VI lO N W Ot D H ,NM. N N H ,Ny ,Wy ti N N N E \\ ... . E `®] kk\§}ae6ee (\/\\\/}/§} \ \ . ! \ k ƒ � m� f � k\ Vernon Housing Element - HRA EMFAC Sites 1 and 2 Vernon Housing Element - Health Risk Assessment EMFAC2011- Los Angeles County, Year 2013 Emissions DSL 11,876,802 4.4021 5.0114 2.6850 5 21,484 0.0730 0.0831 0.0154 10 89,862 0.1944 0.2213 0.0482 15 210,937 0.2624 0.2987 0,0807 20 672,702 0,4213 0.4796 0.1935 25 1,121,464 0.5447 0.6201 0.2420 30 1,438,978 0.5931 0.6752 0.2775 35 1,138,180 0.4101 0.4669 0.2078 40 1,018,002 0.3157 0.3594 0.1814 45 977,426 0.2641 0.3006 0.1792 50 922,401 0.2295 0.2613 0.1814 55 944,001 0.2311 0.2631 0.2060. 60 1,888,629 0.4755 0.5413 0.4599 65 1,431,762 0.3869 0.4405 0,4117 70 975 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 GAS 204,722,223 19.7354 25.5995 0.6486 5 533,411 0.2264 0.3016 0.0086 10 2,415,055 0.7090 0.9310 0.0252 15 5,786,570 1.1763 1.5371 0.0412 20 17,187,508 2.4960 3.2680 0.0876 25 36,137,114 4.0125 5.2429 0.1389 30 40,860,856 3.6865 4.8032 0.1245 35 23,378,815 1.8360 2.3747 0.0592 40 16,658,628 1.1904 1.5284 0.0368 45 14,146,094 0.9477 1.2147 0.0286 50 12,553,674 0.8252 1.0552 0.0245 55 11,245,322 0.7658 0.9768 0.0222. 60 15,991,509 1.1894 1.5135 0.0335 65 7,824,774 0.6739 0.8519 0.0179 70 2,893 0.0003 0.0004 0.0000 Emission Rate 0.6648 0.0832 0.0618 0.0788 0.1616 0.1980 Site 12 Mobile Source Emissions Calculation 10/9/2012 1p � l�D N l�D lip b N b N 4�0 l�0 l�D t�D l�0 lD lOD lD t�D l�D l�0 l�0 l�D t�D tWD N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 o 0 0 o x 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N O O G O O O O O G O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O A W C '• OO OO a0 a0 OO OO o0 00 a0 00 00 a0 OO OO a0 e0 0G a0 00 00 W W 00 00 00 00 •N O O O O O O o 0 0 • o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O E W m N N N m m d. V1 l w t c 0 w h w m O O O O O O O H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O O O O• V d m m V OD N m N N N N m V• d dC m N 0 m 0 1 O O O O O O O H N •-I H .-I •-I H '4 H H H H .i a H O O O H C Ca G VI VI a N m n W p N p T p N N ut e} O of m O lO I� H H ti p ry OI W� OI � N N N N m T �^•1 T m fmi'1 I�YI m m m N� e�i ti � Y Vl D: t N a x C m m m m 0 N m a N 0 0 � 4 awn oa rwCt .�0 a W C C •fy •7 u O _ � 's V O .i N m et ll1 b r W O� �� ti M ti H N ti M N N C O •m-1 N N O co L a h W 2 H H E C o y Y O S e R a Appendix C Incremental Cancer Risk and Cancer Burden Calculations (HARP Output) • HARP Output Files ■ Cancer ■ Acute ■ Chronic ;1 11 s= I N O c n S }� VI V ®€aRh7 N •i O N 000 0 e4 dy d O O SI 1'1 N N W H 0 Y O £ �U N L •a T q H y NyF[' 7 o m d e aIS mom r' µd v C iiEdlFi nQ ..1 UI F N F U H n •• d T n U V" O wO r0�V444 -D a a D W a X d yPO� O N d N d a d H p n •. 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W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .......... 000000 IG r m m O H N M P Vl m n m m O ri N M N Ill m m b to m 1p IO b Ip IO 1p l0 n n n r rl H HH H.iH •-1 .-IH H H Hvi .iHHH O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o O O Receptor Type Cancer Risk Vernon Housing Element - HRA Risk Acute Acute Max Chronic Simple Hourly UTME HI HI HI UTMN ZONE 1 GRID 1.59E-06 .1.92E-03 1.67E-02 -1.00E+00 391040 3761790 11 2 GRID 1.63E-06 1.92E-03 1.68E-02 -1.00E+00 391020 3761800 11 3 GRID 1.61E-06 1.92E-03 1.67E-02 -1.00E+00 391030 3761800 11 4 GRID 1.61E-06 1.94E-03 1.66E-02 -1.00E+00 391040 3761800 11 .5 GRID 1.61E-06 1.96E-03 1.66E-02 -1.00E+00 391050 3761800 11 6 GRID 1.66E-06 1.94E-03 1.70E-02 -1.00E+00 391010 3761810 11 7 GRID 1.65E-06 1.94E-03 1.66E-02 -1.00E+00 391020 3761810 11 8 GRID 1.64E-06 1.94E-03 1.64E-02 -1.00E+00 391030 3761810 11 9 GRID 1.63E-06 1.96E-03 1.64E-02 -1.00E+00 391040 3761810 11 10 GRID 1.63E-06 1.98E-03 1.66E-02 -1.00E+00 391050 3761810 11 11 GRID 1.65E-06 2.02E-03 1.57E-02 -1.00E+00 391060 3761810 11 12 GRID 1.73E-06 1.99E-03 1.78E-02 -1.00E+00 390990 3761820 11 13 GRID 1.71E-06 1.98E-03 1.73E-02 -1.00E+00 391000 3761820 11 14 GRID 1.69E-06 1.97E-03 1.68E-02 -1.00E+00 391010 3761820 11 15 GRID 1.68E-06 1.97E-03 1.65E-02 -1.00E+00 391020 3761820 ) 11 16 GRID 1.67E-06 1.97E-03 1.63E-02 -1.00E+00 391030 3761820 11 17 GRID 1.66E-06 1.97E-03 1.64E-02 -1.00E+00 391040 3761820 11 18 GRID 1.65E-06 1.99E-03 1.67E-02 -1.00E+00 391050 3761820 11 19 GRID 1.67E-06 2.03E-03 1.58E-02 -1.00E+00 391060 3761820 11 20 GRID 1.79E-06 2.05E-03 1.82E-02 -1.00E+00 390980 3761830 11 21 GRID 1.77E-06 2.02E-03 1.77E-02 -1.00E+00 390990 3761830 11 22 GRID 1.74E-06 2.00E-03 1.73E-02 -1.00E+00 391000 3762830 11 23 GRID 1.73E-06 1.99E-03 1.70E-02 -1.00E+00 391010 3761830 11 24 GRID 1.71E-06 1.99E-03 1.67E-02 -1.00E+00 391020 3761830 11 25 GRID 1.70E-06 1.99E-03 1.64E-02 -1.00E+00 391030 3761830 11 26 GRID 1.69E-06 2.00E-03 1.62E-02 -1.00E+00 391040 3761830 11 27 GRID 1.68E-06 2.01E-03 1.63E-02 -1.00E+00 391050 3761830 11 28 GRID 1.69E-06 2.04E-03 1.56E-02 -1.00E+00 391060 3761830 11 29 GRID 1.72E-06 2.09E-03 1.50E-02 -1.00E+00 391070 3761830 11 30 GRID 1.86E-06 2.11E-03 1.90E-02 -1.00E+00 390970 3761840 11 31 GRID 1.83E-06 2.08E-03 1.85E-02 -1.00E+00 390980 3761840 11 32 GRID 1.80E-06 2.05E-03 1.80E-02 -1.00E+00 390990 A761840 11 33 GRID 1.78E-06 2.03E-03 1.75E-02 -1.00E+00 391000 3761840 11 34 GRID 1.76E-06 2.02E-03 1.71E-02 -1.00E+00 391010 3761840 11 35 GRID 1.74E-06 2.01E-03 1.67E-02 -1.00E+00 391020 3761840 11 36 GRID 1.73E-06 2.01E-03 1.63E-02 -1.00E+00 391030 3761840 11 37 GRID 1.72E-06 2.02E-03 4.60E-02 -1.00E+00 391040 3762840 11 38 GRID 1.72E-06 2.03E-03 1.58E-02 -1.00E+00 391050 3761840 11 39 GRID 1.72E-06 2.05E-03 1.53E-02 -1.00E+00 391060 3761840 11 40 GRID 1.74E-06 2.09E-03 1.50E-02 -1.00E+00 391070 3761840 11 41 GRID 1.77E-06 2.14E-03 1.47E-02 -1.00E+00 391080 3761840 11 42 GRID 1.98E-06 2.24E-03 2.03E-02 -1.00E+00 390950 3761850 11 RISK 10/8/2012 Receptor Type Cancer Risk Vernon Housing Element - HRA Risk Acute Acute Max Chronic Simple Hourly UTME HI HI HI UTMN ZONE 43 GRID 1.94E-06 2.18E-03 1.96E-02 -1.00E+00 390960 3761850 11 44 GRID 1.91E-06 2.15E-03 1.92E-02 -1.00E+00 390970 3761850 11 45 GRID 1.88E-06 2.12E-03 1.87E-02 -1.00E+00 390980 3761850 11 46 GRID 1.85E-06 2.09E-03 1.83E-02 -1.00E+00 390990 3761850 11 47 GRID 1.82E-06 2.06E-03 1.77E-02 -1.00E+00 391000 3762850 11 48 GRID 1.79E-06 2.04E-03 1.72E-02 -1.00E+00 391010 3761850 11 49 GRID 1.77E-06 2.03E-03 1.67E-02 -1.00E+00 391020 3761850 11 50 GRID 1.76E-06 2.03E-03 1.63E-02 -1.00E+00 391030 3761850 11 51 GRID 1.75E-06 2.03E-03 1.59E-02 -1.00E+00 391040 3761850 11 52 GRID 1.74E-06 2.04E-03 1.56E-02 -1.00E+00 391050 3761850 11 53 GRID 1.75E-06 2.06E-03 1.52E-02 -1.00E+00 391060 3761850 11 54 GRID 1.76E-06 2.09E-03 1.49E-02 -1.00E+00 391070 3761850 11 55 GRID 2.09E-06 2.35E-03 2.14E-02 -1.00E+00 390940 3761860 11 56 GRID 2.04E-06 2.29E-03 2.08E-02 -1.00E+00 390950 3761860 11 57 GRID 2.00E-06 2.24E-03 2.01E-02 -1.00E+00 390960 3761860 11 58 GRID 1.96E-06 2.19E-03 1.95E-02 -1.00E+00 390970 3761860 11 59 GRID 1.92E-06 2.16E-03 1.88E-02 -1.00E+00 390980 3761860 11 60 GRID 1.89E-06 2.12E-03 1.82E-02 -1.00E+00 390990 3761860 11 61 GRID 1.86E-06 2.09E-03 1.77E-02 -1.00E+00 391000 3761860 11 62 GRID 1.83E-06 2.07E-03 1.72E-02 -1.00E+00 391010 3761860 11 63 GRID 1.81E-06 2.05E-03 1.67E-02 -1.00E+00 391020 3761860 11 64 GRID 1.79E-06 2.04E-03 1.63E-02 -1.00E+00 391030 3761860 11 .65 GRID 1.78E-06 2.04E-03 1.60E-02 -1.00E+00 391040 3761860 11 . 66 GRID 1.77E-06 2.05E-03 1.56E-02 -1.00E+00 391050 3761860 11 67 GRID 1.77E-06 2.06E-03 1.52E-02 -1.00E+00 391060 3761860 11 68 GRID 2.25E-06 2.53E-03 2.34E-02 -1.00E+00 390920 3761870 11 69 GRID 2.20E-06 2.47E-03 2.26E-02 -1.00E+00 390930 3761870 11 70 GRID 2.15E-06 2,40E-03 2.18E-02 -1.00E+00. 390940 3761870 11 71 GRID 2.10E-06 2.34E-03 2.10E-02 -1.00E+00 390950 3761870 11 72 GRID 2.06E-06 2.29E-03 2.02E-02 -1.00E+00 390960 3761870 11 73 GRID 2.02E-06 2.24E-03 1.96E-02 -1.00E+00 390970 3761870 11 74 GRID 1.98E-06 2.20E-03 1.89E-02.-1.00E+00 390980 3761870 11 75 GRID 1.94E-06 2.16E-03 1.83E-02 -1.00E+00 390990 3761870 11 76 GRID 1.90E-06 2.12E-03 1.77E-02 -1.00E+00 391000 3761870 11 77 GRID 1.87E-06 2.09E-03 1.71E-02 -1.00E+00 . 391010 3761870 11 78 GRID 1.84E-06 2.07E-03 1.66E-02 -1.00E+00 391020 3761870 11 79 GRID 1.82E-06 2.06E-03 1.61E-02 -1.00E+00 391030 3761870 11 .80 GRID 1.81E-06 2.06E-03 1.58E-02 -1.00E+00 391040 3761870 11 81 GRID 1.80E-06 2.06E-03 1.54E-02 -1.00E+00 391050 3761870 11 82 GRID . 2.36E-06 2.66E-03 2.44E-02 4.00E+00 390910 3761880 11 83 GRID 2.32E-06 2.59E-03 2.36E-02 -1.00E+00 390920 3761880 11 84 GRID 2.27E-06 2.53E-03 2.29E-02 -1.00E+00 390930 3761880 11 85 GRID 2.22E-06 2.46E-03 2,20E-02 -1.00E+00 390940 3761880 11 RISK 10/8/2012 Receptor Type Cancer Risk Vernon Housing Element - HRA Risk Acute Acute Max Chronic Simple Hourly UTME HI HI HI UTMN ZONE 86 GRID 2.17E-06 2.40E-03 2.12E-02 -1.00E+00 390950 3761880 11 87 GRID 2.12E-06 2.34E-03 2.04E-02 -1.00E+00 390960 3761880 11 88 GRID 2.08E-06 2.29E-03 1.96E-02 -1.00E+00 390970 3761880 11 89 GRID 2.03E-06 2.24E-03 1.89E-02 -1.00E+00 390980 3761880 11 90 GRID 1.99E-06 2.20E-03 1.82E-02 -1.00E+00 390990 3761880 11 91 GRID 1.95E-06 2.16E-03 1.76E-02 -1.00E+00 391000 3761880 11 92 GRID 1.91E-06 2.12E-03 1.70E-02 -1.00E+00 391010 3761880 11 93 GRID 1.88E-06 2.09E-03 1.65E-02 -1.00E+00 391020 3761880 11 94 GRID 1.86E-06 2.08E-03 1.60E-02 -1.00E+00 391030 3761880 11 95 GRID 2.49E-06 2.82E-03 2.55E-02 -1.00E+00 390900 3761890 11 96 GRID 2.44E-06 2.74E-03 2.45E-02 -1.00E+00 390910 3761890 11 97 GRID 2.39E-06 2.66E-03 2.36E-02 -1.00E+00 390920 3761890 11 98 GRID 2.34E-06 2.59E-03 228E-02 -1,00E+00 390930 3761890 11 99 GRID 2.28E-06 2.52E-03 2.20E-02 -1.00E+00 390940 3761890 11 100 GRID 2.23E-06 2.45E-03 2.12E-02 -1.00E+00 390950 3761890 11 101 GRID 2.18E-06 2.40E-03 2.04E-02 -1.00E+00 390960 3761890 11 102 GRID 2.13E-06 2.34E-03 1.97E-02 -1.00E+00 390970 3761890 11 103 GRID 2.09E-06 2.28E-03 1.89E-02 -1.00E+00 390980 3761890 11 104 GRID 2.04E-06 2.23E-03 1.81E-02 -1.00E+00 390990 3761890 11 105 GRID 2.00E-06 2.19E-03 1.74E-02 -1.00E+00 391000 3761890 11 106 GRID 1.96E-06 2.15E-03 1.68E-02 -1.00E+00 391010 3761890 11 107 GRID 1.92E-06 2.12E-03 1.63E-02 -1.00E+00 391020 3761890 11 108 GRID 2.64E-06 3.00E-03 2.64E-02 -1.00E+00 390890 3761900 11 109 GRID 2.58E-06 2.91E-03 2.55E-02 -1.00E+00 390900 3761900 11 110 GRID 2.52E-06 2.82E-03 2.45E-02 -1.00E+00 390910 3761900 11 .211 GRID 2.47E-06 2.73E-03 2.35E702 -1.00E+00 390920 3761900 11 112 GRID 2.41E-06 2.66E-03 2.26E-02 -1.00E+00 390930 3761900 11 113 GRID 2.36E-06 2.58E-03 2.17E-02 -1.00E+00 390940 3761900 11 114 GRID 2.30E-06 2.51E-03 2.09E-02 -1.00E+00 390950 3761900 11 115 GRID 2.25E-06 2.45E-03 2.02E-02 -1.00E+00 390960 3761900 11 116 GRID 2.20E-06 2.39E-03 1.95E-02 -1.00E+00 390970 3761900 11 117 GRID 2.14E-06 2.33E-03 1.88E-02 -1.00E+00 390980 3761900 11 118 GRID 2.09E-06 2.27E-03 1.81E-02 -1.00E+00 390990 3761900 11 119 GRID 2.05E-06 2.22E-03 1.74E-02 -1.00E+00 391000 3761900 11 120 GRID 2.01E-06 2.18E-03 1.68E-02 -1.00E+00 391010 3761900 11 121 GRID 2.73E-06 3.10E-03 2.66E-02 -1.00E+00 390890 3761910 11 122 GRID 2.67E-06 3.00E-03 2.53E-02 -1.00E+00 390900 3761910 11 123 GRID 2.61E-06 2.90E-03 2.42E-02 -1.00E+00 390910 3761910 11 124 GRID 2.55E-06 2.81E-03 2.32E-02 -1.00E+00 390920 3761910 11 125 GRID 2.49E-06 2.73E-03 2.24E-02 -1.00E+00 390930 3761910 11 126 GRID 2.43E-06 2.65E-03 2.16E-02 -1.00E+00 390940 3761910 11 127 GRID 2.38E-06 2.58E-03 2.08E-02 -1.00E+00 390950 3761910 11 128 GRID 2.32E-06 2.51E-03 2.00E-02 -1.00E+00 390960 3761910 11 RISK 10/8/2012 Vernon Housing Element - HRA Risk Receptor) Type Cancer Chronic Risk HI 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID 2.26E-06 2.21E-06 2.15E-06 2.77E-06 2.70E-06 2.64E-06 2.57E-06 2.51E-06 2.45E-06 2.39E-06 2.33E-06 2.28E-06 2.80E-06 2.73E-06 2.66E-06 2.60E-06 2.53E-06 2.47E-06 2.41E-06 2.82E-06 2.76E-06 2.68E-06 2.62E-06 2.85E-06 2.77E-06 2.33E-06 2.20E-06 2.15E-06 2.14E-06 2.17E-06 2.54E-06 2.36E-06 2.29E-06 2.28E-06 2.30E-06 2.86E-06 2.63E-06 2.54E-06 2.53E-06 2.55E-06 3.39E-06 3.08E-06 2.99E-06 2.37E-03 2.31E-03 3.10E-03 2.99E-03 2.89E-03 2.80E-03 2.72E-03 2.64E-03 2.56E-03 2.49E-03 2.43E-03 3.08E-03 2.98E-03 2.88E-03 2.79E-03 2.70E-03 2.62E-03 2.55E-03 3.07E-03 2.96E-03 2.86E-03 2.77E-03 3.04E-03 2.93E-03 2.23E-03 2.21E-03 2.23E-03 2.28E-03 2.35E-03 2.29E-03 2.24E-03 2.24E-03 2.29E-03 2.35E-03 2.40E-03 2.32E-03 2.32E-.03 2.35E-03 2.41E-03 2.61E-03 2.50E-03 2.49E-03 Acute Simple HI 1.92E-02 1.85E-02 1.78E-02 2.55E-02 2.42E-02 2.30E-02 2.21E-02 2.13E-02 2.06E-02 1.99E-02 1.91E-02 1.84E-02 2.45E-02 2.33E-02 2.22E-02 2.11E-02 2.03E-02 1.97E-02 1.90E-02 2.35E-02 2.24E-02 2.14E-02 2.03E-02 2.25E-02 2.15E-02 2.47E-02 2.57E-02 2.72E-02 2.79E-02 2.86E-02 2.41E-02 2.51E-02 2.62E-02 2,69E-02 2.74E-02 2.37E-02 2.44E-02 2.52E-02 2.59E-02 2.64E-02 2.32E-02 2.37E-02 2.42E-02 Acute Max Hourly HI -1.00E+00 1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 -1.00E+00 UTME UTMN ZONE 390970 3761910 11 390980 3761910 11 390990 3761910 11 390900 3761920 11 390910 3761920 11 390920 3761920 11 390930 3761920 11 390940 3761920 11 390950 3761920 11 390960 3761920 11 390970 3761920 11 390980 3761920 11 390910 3761930 11 390920 3761930 11 390930 3761930 11 390940 3761930 11 390950 3761930 11 390960 3761930 11 390970 3761930 11 390920 3761940 11 390930 3761940 11 390940 -376M40 11 390950 3761940 11 390930 3761950 11 390940 3761950 11 390550 3762120 11 390560 3762120 11 390570 3762120 11 390580 3762120 11 390590 3762120 11 390550 3762130 11 390560 3762130 11 390570 3762130 11 390580 3762130 11 390590 3762130 11 390550 3762140 11 390560 3762140 11 390570 3762140 11 390580 3762140 11 390590 3762140 11 390550 3762150 11 390560 3762150 11 390570. 3762150 11 RISK 10/8/2012 Receptor Type 172 GRID 173 GRID Vernon Housing Element - HRA Risk Acute Acute Max Cancer Chronic Simple Hourly UTME UTMN ZONE Risk HI HI HI 2.97E-06 2.52E-03 2.49E-02 -1.00E+00 390580 3762150 2.97E-06 2.56E-03 2.55E-02 -1.00E+00 390590 3762150 RISK 10/8/2012 Appendix D AERMOD Model Output File • Available Electronically Appendix C: Noise Study 0 I « KUNZMAN ASSOCIATES, INC. 1 K KUNZ.MAN ASSOCIATES, INC. CITY OF VERNON GENERAL PLAN UPDATE: HOUSING INVENTORY NOISE TECHNICAL REPORT November 25, 2012 Prepared by: Chris Pylant, INCE, Carl Ballard, LEED GA, and William Kunzman, P.E. 1111 Town & Country Road, Suite 34 Orange, California 92868 (714)973-8383 www.traffic-engineer.com 5031a Table of Contents ExecutiveSummary ................................................................................................................... 1 I. Purpose and Objectives of Study.................................................................................... 2 II. Project Location and Description.................................................................................... 3 A. Project Location.................................................................................................... 3 B. Project Description ................................................................................................ 3 III. Definition of Terms .......................................................................................................18 IV. Noise Sensitive Land Uses and Health Effects Related to Noise ..................................... 11 A. Noise Sensitive Land Uses ....................................... :........................................... 11 B. Health Effects Related to Noise ........................................................................... 11 V. Noise Regulations and Standards ................................................................................. 12 A. Federal................................................................................................................12 B. State of California ............................................................................................... 13 C. Local...................................................................................................................14 VI. Environmental Setting and Existing Conditions............................................................. 20 A. Existing Noise Sources......................................................................................... 20 B. Ambient Noise Levels .......................................................................................... 21 VII. Impact Analysis ............................................................................................................ 23 A. Future Noise Levels ............................................................................................. 23 B. Consistency with Applicable Standards............................................................... 23 Vill. Recommendations.......................................................................................................26 IX. References.................................................................................................................. 28 APPENDIX Appendix A — Noise Measurement Field Data Sheets List of Tables Table 1. Definitions of Acoustical Terms........................................................................9 Table 2. FRA/FTA Land Use Categories and Noise Metrics.............................................16 Table 3. FRA/FTA Noise Impact Thresholds....................................................................17 Table 4. Community Noise Standards.............................................................................18 Table 5. Noise Standards for Conditional and Legal Non -Conforming Land Uses .........19 Table 6. Typical Noise Attenuation Methods to Insulate the Noise Receiver..............:.27 List of Figures Figure1. Project Location...................................................................................................4 Figure 2. Proposed. Housing Site 1— Housing Consideration.............................................5 Figure3. Proposed Housing Site 2-Southeast Parcel (Housing Overlay District).............6 Figure 4. Proposed Housing Site 3 - Northwest Parcel (Emergency Shelter Overlay District)................................................................................................................7 Figure 5. Common Noise Sources and Noise Levels.........................................................10 Executive Summary This technical report provides an assessment of potential noise impacts associated with the implementation of proposed housing inventory changes to the City of Vernon (City) General Plan Housing Element (Proposed Project). It contains background information on noise regulations and standards, describes existing conditions, and examines potential impacts that may occur as a result of future development associated with the Proposed Project. Sources of noise in the City include transportation noise sources (roadways and railroads), non - transportation noise sources (public, industrial and commercial land uses), temporary noise sources (construction and special events), and nuisance noise sources (barking dogs, un- maintained air conditioning units, loud music, power tools, etc.). A noise survey was conducted in September 2012 to assess the noise environment at each of the proposed housing sites. City of Vernon General Plan Noise Element Contours were utilized to evaluate potential transportation related noise impacts to the Proposed Project in light of applicable guidelines contained in the City of Vernon General Plan Noise Element and Municipal Code as. well as other applicable state and federal standards. Existing and future noise levels in the vicinity of the Proposed. Project would result noise/land use conflicts associated with transportation noise, non -transportation noise, and temporary and nuisance noise from the sources listed above. Measures to reduce noise impacts are presented in Section IX. I. Purpose and Objectives of Study This study provides an assessment of the potential noise impacts that may occur with implementation of the proposed housing inventory changes to the City of Vernon General Plan Housing Element (Proposed Project). The objectives of this study are to: ■ describe the existing environment, ■ define commonly used noise terminology, ■ describe noise sensitive land uses and health effects, ■ present applicable noise regulations and standards, ■ discuss noise modeling methodology and procedures, ■ document existing noise sources and noise levels, ■ calculate future transportation noise levels at proposed residential sites, ■ evaluate the land use compatibility of the proposed residential land uses in the existing urban environment in light of applicable regulations and standards, ■ recommend measures to reduce impacts, if necessary. II. Project Location and Description A. Protect Location The City of Vernon is located within Los Angeles County, approximately 5 miles south of downtown Los Angeles. The location of the City of Vernon is illustrated on Figure 1 and consists of 5.2 square miles. Land uses within the City are primarily industrial, but also include some commercial, residential, and governmental. Virtually the entire City is urbanized, and very few vacant parcels remain. B. Protect Description The City is in the process of updating the Housing Element of the City Vernon General Plan. Following is a brief overview of what the element discusses. The primary purpose of the Housing Element is to identify ways in which the housing needs of existing and future City of Vernon residents can be met. By law, the Housing Element must contain these following major components: ■ An analysis of the City's demographic and housing characteristics and trends, ■ A review of potential market, governmental, and environmental constraints to meeting the City's identified housing needs, ■ An evaluation of land, administrative, and financial resources available to address the housing goals, ■ A review of past accomplishments under the previous Housing Element, and ■ A housing plan to address the identified the identified housing needs, including housing goals, policies, and programs. The City has identified three vacant and/or underutilized parcels that could be used to increase the existing housing supply (see Figures 2 through 4). This study assesses the Project's potential to result in noise related land use compatibility impacts that may be associated with the re -designation of vacant and under-utilized parcels within the City to residential land uses. As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the three parcels evaluated in this study include: the Housing Consideration Site, the Housing Overlay site, and the Emergency Housing Overlay site. 3 jg HE My .. m o \ 61 •- ��oo� tFrp' 'iVl I 71yy .ly � o*�� W� 'mil ti i r F a e e 1 � ) � p � ' - wrl�a ✓i o , -. ex 6 it 41 tT+i Y I N IY 1 ) -� �� •';i �y .+ rI_� S ltf bYv f"i�'mi'rs" yy Lam..S,+l �e 10 17 a �7•' P 1 tvF p v n rr�k `, - ` t��a �a / 11,, ✓k rs azat fire >�Y7 1e Yfafi e V� < , 11 Jy�A� i �y v ,ri' S� fj*T c i+i,',3a"PA1 bt` #, " Sy17 ip) 1Tg i I,36 ., l t � t{ti v �l � d � �� ,.,°� @ � tt \ s�y,5 ��h�.ynd t�Y� E ♦ CFp � 1Y t ,Ny ,p 17, fn � Ct f e �' �� n d � � /��.yi gi'3 �✓ e � t R t;V� e 1du �+w�,pQ �. d� b�pr �, F Definition of Terms Sound is a pressure wave created by a moving or vibrating source that travels through an elastic medium such as air. Noise is defined as unwanted or objectionable sound. The effects of noise on people can include general annoyance, interference with speech communication, sleep disturbance, and in extreme circumstances, hearing impairment. Commonly used noise terms are presented in Table 1. The unit of measurement used to describe a noise level is the decibel (dB). The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies within the sound spectrum. Therefore, the "A -weighted" noise scale, which weights the frequencies to which humans are sensitive, is used for measurements. Noise levels using A -weighted measurements are written dBA or dBA. Decibels are measured on a logarithmic scale, which quantifies sound intensity in a manner similar to the Richter scale used for earthquake magnitudes. Thus, a doubling of the energy of a noise source, such as a doubled traffic volume, would increase the noise levels by 3 dBA; halving of the energy would result in a 3 dBA decrease. Figure 5 shows the relationship of various noise levels to commonly experienced noise events. One of the most common descriptors, the L,,, is a time -averaged sound level that expresses the time -varying sound level for a specified period as though it were a constant sound level with the same total sound energy as the time -varying level. Other values typically noted during a noise survey are the L n and Lm,„. These values represent the minimum and maximum root -mean - square noise levels obtained over the measurement period. .The Ln value is the level just exceeded for a set percentage of a noise measurement period. For example, the L10 value is the level exceeded for 10% of a noise measurement period and L50 is the noise level exceeded for 50% of the measurement duration. Other noise level descriptors include the Community Equivalent Noise Level (CNEL) and the Day - Night Level (Ldn). CNEL is a 24-hour weighted average measure of community noise. CNEL is obtained by adding five decibels to sound levels in the evening (7:00 PM to 10:00 PM), and by adding ten decibels to sound levels at night (10:00 PM to 7:00 AM). This weighting accounts for the increased human sensitivity to noise during the evening and nighttime hours. The Ldn Is a very similar 24-hour average measure that weights only the nighttime hours. It is widely accepted that the average healthy ear can barely perceive changes of 3 dBA; that a change of 5 dBA is readily perceptible, and that an increase (decrease) of 10 dBA sounds twice (half) as loud. This definition is recommended by the California Department of Transportation's Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol for New Highway and Reconstruction Projects. r Table 1 Definitions of Acoustical Terms' Term Definition Decibel, dB A logarithmic unit of noise level measurement that relates the energy of a noise source to that of a constant reference level; the number of decibels is 10 times the logarithm (to the base 10) of this ratio. Frequency; Hertz In a function periodic in time, the number of times that the quantity repeats itself in one second (i.e., the number of cycles per second). A -Weighted Sound The sound level obtained by use of A -weighting. The A -weighting filter de - Level, dBA emphasizes the very low and very high frequency components of the sound in a manner similar to the frequency response of the human ear. Root Mean Square A measure of the magnitude of a varying noise source quantity. The name derives (RMS) from the calculation of the square root of the mean of the squares of the values. It can be calculated from either a series of lone values or a continuous varying function. Fast/Slow Meter The fast and slow meter responses are different settings on a sound level meter. The Response fast response setting takes a measurement every 100 milliseconds, while a slow setting takes one every second. Lov Loe, Lso, Lao The A -weighted noise levels that are equaled or exceeded by a fluctuating sound level, 2 percent, B.percent, 50 percent, and 90 percent of a stated time period, respectively. Equivalent A level of steady state sound that in a stated time period, and a stated location, has Continuous Noise the same A -weighted sound energy as the time -varying sound. Level, L,, Lmax, Lmin La,,, is the RMS (root mean squared) maximum level of a noise source or environment measured on a sound level meter, during a designated time interval, using fast meter response. Lmin is the minimum level. Ambient Noise The all -encompassing noise environment associated with a given environment, at a Level specified time, usually a composite of sound from many sources, at many directions, near and far, in which usually no particular sound is dominant. Offensive/ The noise that Intrudes over and above the existing ambient noise at a given location. Offending/ The relative intrusiveness of sound depends on its amplitude, duration, frequency, Intrusive Noise and time of occurrence, and tonal information content as well as the prevailing ambient noise level. Adapted from: Cyril M. Harris; Handbook of Acoustical Measurement and Noise Control 1991. Figure 5 Common Noise Sources and Noise Levels AMIr•ly kn IMfran p' S0 h. G �_� � � � � • 1 LxMlinn Mnr.n ��j� 7okr.nn pr RW h. R_ �XBSINYI(1 01 P&I /n. Pock Bllntl p(:.tD a�� ch .. MrxmcYne tn` 25 P. Bo,y SlnrrA MOLrfRAIA 4p!r•a •�I Unpnnmwq Stan CnrrvulxNnn VF _ 3n e LNI �.IrL,� gl.ayn;. nuo (er low SNmrd „xyr ' :i oty D.o" 1w. F_nlnes'ra`ac2.16`'r f"*Y;,,.°,1.arr-7r 10. 1132 .00001 Wnik OIJJJ IPIIW IirM 1hlRtllpkl m IipgPnq L'uullvy UmINrIp.Md. D 1/64 .000001 SOURCE. OF SOUND SOUND IEVEI WRCENED RELPNVE SOUND SOURCE 01 SOUND tlBIN LOUDNESS ENERGY Source: County of Reside General Plan Nake Element KUNZMAN ASSOCIATES, INC. 5031y5 OvRR 33 Ymw of RYamLswr Smmcs 10 IV. Noise Sensitive Land Uses and Health Effects Related to Noise A. Noise Sensitive Land Uses Noise is known to have several adverse effects on people, including hearing loss, speech and sleep interference, physiological responses, and annoyance. Noise sensitive land uses include areas where an excessive amount of noise would .interfere with normal activities. Primarily, noise sensitive land uses include residential uses, public and private educational facilities, hospitals, convalescent homes, hotels/motels, daycare facilities, and passive recreational parks. B. Health Effects Related to Noise Noise has a significant effect on the quality of life. An individual's reaction to a particular noise depends on many factors such as the source of the noise, its loudness relative to the background noise level, and the time of day. The reaction to noise can also be highly subjective; the perceived effect of a particular noise can vary widely among individuals in a community. Because of the nature of the human ear, a sound must be about 10 dBA greater than the reference sound to be judged as twice as loud. In general, a 3 dBA change in community noise levels is perceivable, while 1 to 2 dBA changes generally are not perceived. Although the reaction to noise may vary, it is clear that noise is a significant component of the environment, and excessively noisy conditions can affect an individual's health and well- being. The effects of noise are often only transitory, but adverse effects can be cumulative with prolonged or repeated exposure. The effects of noise on a community can be organized into six broad categories: sleep disturbance; permanent hearing loss; human performance and behavior, social interaction of communication; extra -auditory health effects; and general annoyance. 11 V. Noise Regulations and Standards Standards that are applicable to the Proposed Project include those set forth by the Federal Transit Authority, the Federal Railroad Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, the State of California Department of Health Services' Noise/Land Use Compatibility Criteria, Title 24 of the State of California Code of Regulations, and the City of Vernon General Plan Noise Element and Comprehensive Development Code (Section 26.4.1-6(b)). A summary of the pertinent' portions of each of these is presented below. A. Federal 1. Federal Transit Authority Standards (FTA)/Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Rail noise impacts are based on the criteria and analytical methodologies provided in the FRA and FTA guidance manuals (FRA 2005 & FTA 2006). FRA/FTA criteria are based on the best available research on community response to noise and have been used to assess potential impacts from a number of rail projects. Table 2 lists the three land -use categories that the FRA/FTA noise impact criteria use along with the applicable noise metric for each category. Category 1 includes land uses such as outdoor amphitheaters, historic landmarks with significant outdoor use, recording studios, and concert pavilions/halls. Category 2 includes homes, hospitals, and hotels, where a nighttime sensitivity to noise is assumed to be of utmost importance. Category 3 includes schools, libraries, and churches. Places for meditation or study associated with cemeteries, monuments, museums, campgrounds, and recreational facilities can also be considered to be in this category. The proposed project would fall into Category 2 whose noise exposure is characterized using the Ld" descriptor. The FRA and FTA define two levels of noise impacts: moderate and severe. In accordance with the FRA and FTA guidance manuals, measures to eliminate noise impacts must be investigated for both degrees of impact. The FRA manual states that for severe impacts "...there is a presumption by FRA that mitigation is incorporated into the project unless there are truly extenuating circumstances which prevent it." In considering measures to reduce potential noise impacts, the goal has been to reduce .noise levels to below the moderate impact threshold. FRA and FTA allow more discretion for mitigation of moderate impacts based on the consideration of factors including cost, number of sensitive receptors affected, community views, the amount by which the predicted levels exceed the impact. threshold, and the sensitivity of the affected receptors. The FRA/FTA noise impact. criteria are given in tabular format in Table 3 with the thresholds rounded off to the nearest decibel. According to these criteria, noise levels due to rail at the proposed housing sites should not exceed the following noise levels: 59 dBA L,, at the Housing Consideration site (Ml), 54 dBA Leq at Housing Overlay District site (M2), and 65 dBA Ley at the Emergency Shelter Overlay site (M3). It should be noted that these standards apply to new or expanded rail and transit projects, and are not applicable to the development of new residential projects near existing rail. They do, however, provide 12 — perspective regarding the compatibility of residential development in the vicinity of existing railroads. 2. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Standards Enforced by the Federal Aviation Administration, Title 14, Part 150 prescribes the procedures, standards and methodology governing the development, submission, and review of airport noise exposure maps and airport noise compatibility programs, including the process for evaluating and approving or disapproving those programs. Title 14 also identifies those land uses which are normally compatible with various levels of exposure to noise by individuals. It provides technical assistance to airport operators, in conjunction with other local, state, and federal authorities, to prepare and execute appropriate noise compatibility planning and implementation programs. The FAA establishes a 65 dBA CNEL as the noise standard associated with aircraft noise impacts to residential land uses. The Proposed Project is not within 2 miles of a private or public airport or within a 65 dBA CNEL noise contour associated with an airport. Impacts associated with aircraft noise will not be discussed further in this report. B. State of California 1. California Noise Control Act of 1973 Sections 46000 — 46080 of the California Health and Safety Code, known as the California Noise Control Act of 1973, find that excessive noise is a serious hazard to public health and welfare and that exposure to certain levels of noise can result in physiological, psychological, and economic damage.. It also finds that there is a continuous and increasing bombardment of noise in the urban, suburban, and rural areas. The California Noise Control Act declares that the State of California has a responsibility to protect the health and welfare of its citizens by the control, prevention, and abatement of noise. It is the policy of the State to provide an environment for all Californians free from noise that jeopardizes their health or welfare. 2. California Noise Insulation Standards (CCR Title 241 In 1974, the California Commission on Housing and Community Development adopted noise insulation standards for multi -family residential buildings (Title 24, Part 2, California Code of Regulations). Title 24 establishes standards for interior room noise (attributable to outside noise sources). The regulations also specify that acoustical studies must be prepared whenever a residential building or structure is proposed to be located near an existing or adopted freeway route, expressway, parkway, major street, thoroughfare, rail line, rapid transit line, or industrial noise source, and where such noise source or sources create an exterior CNEL (or Ld) of 60 dBA or greater. Such acoustical analysis must demonstrate that the residence has been designed to limit intruding noise to an interior CNEL (or Ld„) of 45 dBA or below [California's Title 24 Noise Standards, Chap. 2-35]. 13 C. Local 1. City of Vernon General Plan Noise Element The City of Vernon Noise Element sets forth the following applicable Goals and Policies as guidelines for existing and future development. Goals and Policies applicable to the Proposed Project are presented below. Goal N-2: Incorporate noise and vibration considerations into land use planning . decisions. Policy N-2.2: Encourage acoustical design in all new construction. Policy N-2.3: Prohibit the establishment of any new noise -sensitive land uses in Vernon, including but not limited to residences, schools, day-care facilities, and community facilities. The project is subject to the Community Noise Standards set forth in the City's General Plan Noise Element. These standards set outdoor noise levels that are clearly compatible, normally compatible, normally incompatible, and clearly incompatible, for a variety of land uses (see Table 4)..The standards present ranges of compatibility which are intended to allow for enough flexibility to accommodate a range of projects and environments. For example, an industrial project would be evaluated differently than a residential project. As shown in Table 4, noise levels up to 75 dBA CNEL are considered "normally compatible" for multi -family residential land uses. New development of single family land uses are not acknowledged in the City's General Plan. The City's General Plan is accompanied by an Implementation Plan, which guides City elected officials, Commissions and Committees, staff, and the public in efforts to put into practice the adopted General Plan goals and policies. The purpose of the Implementation Plan is to translate the direction set forth in the General Plan and the Guiding Principles from general terms to specific actions. Action N-1 applies to the Proposed Project. This Action continues to enforce the City's Noise Ordinance to protect sensitive receptors from excessive noise levels associated with stationary noise sources. Action N-3 also applies to the Proposed Project. This Action implements provisions of the California Noise Insulation Standards (Title 24) that specify that Indoor noise levels for multi -family residential living spaces shall not exceed 45 dB CNEL. 2. City of Vernon Municipal Code Section 26.4.1-6 of the. City of Vernon Comprehensive Development Code is intended to regulate noise generating land uses and to provide guidelines for noise control in the City. Due to the fact that the City of Vernon is highly developed with Industrial and commercial land uses, the residential land uses that may be developed with implementation of the Proposed Project is not Considered to be a noise generating land use. Construction of the Proposed Project however, may result in substantial Increases in noise levels at existing nearby and adjacent residential land uses. The following 14 standards would regulate the, transfer of noise from existing industrial and commercial land uses to the proposed residential land uses. Per Section 26.3.1-1 of the City's Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance, the City has committed to making property available for Industrial Use and has zoned the entire City of Vernon for General Industry (I Zone) development. Hence, all property within the must conform to the standards of use and the Development Standards and Site Planning Standards for the I Zone. Within the I Zone, three special categories of Overlay Zones have been established for the purpose of allowing special uses that are not otherwise permitted within the City, including the Commercial Overlay Zone, the Slaughtering Overlay Zone, and the Rendering Zone. The City does not regulate noise generated by permitted industrial land uses. Land uses that are conditionally allowed and non -conforming land uses may be allowed within the City, but will be subject to Noise standards presented in Table 5. 15 Table 2 FRA/FTA Land Use Categories and Noise Metrics1'2 Land Use Noise Metric - - Category (dBA) Description of Land Use Category A tract of land where quiet is an essential element of their Intended purpose. This category 1 Outdoor L,a(h)' Includes lands set aside for serenity and quiet and such land uses as outdoor amphitheaters and concert pavilions, as well as national historic landmarks with significant outdoor use. Also Included 2 Outdoor Lde Residences and buildings In which people sleep. This category includes homes, hospitals, and hotels, where nighttime sensitivity to noise is assumed to be of utmost importance. Institutional land uses with primarily daytime and evening use. This category Includes schools, libraries, and churches, where it Is Important to avoid Interference with 3 Outdoor L,a(h)' such activities as speech, meditation, and concentration on reading material. Places for meditation or study associated with cemeteries, monuments, museums, campgrounds; and recreational facilities can also be considered to be In this category. Certain historical sites and parks are also ' Leq for the noisiest hour of transit -related activity during hours of noise sensitivity. ' Source: FRA Guidance Menual, Oct 2005. 16 Table 3 FRA/FTA Noise Impact Thresholds' - Existing Noise Exposure Exposure, Leq or Ldn Project Noise Exposure Impact Thresholds, Leq or Ldn (dBA) Category 1 or 2 Land Uses Category 3 Land Uses Moderate Impact Severe Impact Moderate Impact Severe Impact <43 Ambient+10 Ambient+15 Ambient+15 Ambient+20 43 52 58 57 63 44 52 58 57 63 45 52 58 57 63 46 53 59 58 64 47 53 59 58 64 48 53 59 58 64 49 54 59 59 64 50 54 59 59 64 51 54 60 59 65 52 55 60 60 65 53 54 60 60 65 54 55 61 60 66 55 56 61 61 - 66 56 56 62 61 67 57 57 62 62 67 58 57 62 62 67 59 - 58 63 63 68 60 58 63 63 68 61 59 64 64 69 62 59 64 64 69 63 60 65 65 70 64 61 65 66 70 65 61 66 66 71 66 62 67 67 72 67 63 67 68 72 17 Table 4 Community Noise Standards' - ZONE A CLEARLY COMPATIBLE -Specified land use Is satisfactory, based upon the assumption that any buildings Involved are of normal conventional construction without any special noise Insulation requirements. NORMALLY COMPATIBLE - New construction or development should be undertaken only after detailed analysis of the ZONE B noise reduction requirements are made and needed noise Insulation features In the design are determined. Conventlona construction, with closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air condltloning, will normally suffice. NORMALLY INCOMPATIBLE- New construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or ZONE C development does proceed, a detailed analysis of nolse reduction requirements must be made and needed noise Insulation features Included In the design. ZONE D CLEARLY INCOMPATIBLE - New construction or development should generally not be undertaken. ' Source: City of Vernon General Plan 18 Table 5 Noise Standards for Conditional and Legal Non -Conforming Land Uses' Noise Zone Time Interval Allowable Exterior Noise Lots located within one tenth (1/10) of a mile of any resident or school located in Vernon or abutting communities. 10:00 pm to 7:00 am 60 dBA 7:00 am to 10:00 pm 65 dBA All other Lots anytime 75 dBA Noise limit categories. No person shall operate or cause to be operated a source of sound at a location or allow the creation of noise on property owned, leased, occupied, or otherwise controlled by the person, which causes the noise level, when measured on another property, either incorporated or unincorporated, to exceed any one of the following: (A) The applicable noise standard for a cumulative periodof more than thirty (30) minutes in any hour; or (B) The applicable noise standard plus five (5) dBA for acumulative period of more than fifteen (15) minutes in any one hour•, or (C) The applicable noise standard plus ten (10) dBA for acumulative period of more than five (5) minutes in any hour; or (D) The applicable noise standard plus fifteen (15) dBAfor a cumulative period of more than one (1) minutes in any hour In the event the ambient noise level exceeds any of the noise limit categories set forth In subsections (A), (B), or (C) of subsection 2(ii) of this Section, the cumulative period applicable to such category shall be increased to reflect the ambient noise level, plus 5 dBA. If a Lot is located on a boundary between two (2) different noise zones, the noise level standard applicable to the quieter noise zone shall apply. 1 Source: City of Vernon Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance. 19 VI. Environmental Setting and Existing Conditions The City of Vernon is characterized as an urban environment. Primary noise sources in the vicinity of the project's three proposed parcels include: industrial noise; vehicular traffic on local arterials, highways, and freeways; and rail operations. The following is a summary of existing noise environments categorized by each type. A. Existing Noise Sources 1. Road Network The City of Vernon is considered built -out, and therefore has a fully developed system of arterials, collectors, and local streets. The 1-710 Freeway runs through the eastern portion of the City, while the 1-5, 1-10, and US-101 Freeways run to the north. 2. Rail Network Two major intercontinental freight railroad lines and operators utilize multiple rail corridors within the City: the Union Pacific Rail Road (UPRR) and Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF). There are numerous transfer yards and rail spur lines that serve local industrial businesses within and near the City. Types of rail noise which can be expected near these facilities are discussed below: ■ Trairi horns: Federal Railroad Administration requirements are that unless a special quiet zone has been established, horns on the lead locomotive must be sounded starting 1/4 mile or 20 seconds before any at -grade rail/roadway crossing. The horn is to be sounded in a long - long - short - long pattern with the sequence ending as the lead locomotive clears the grade crossing. The horns are required to generate a sound level of 94 to 105 dBA at a distance of 100 ft In front of the locomotive. ■ Locomotives: The noise levels generated by locomotives vary depending on throttle setting and are relatively independent of speed. That is, a locomotive cruising at 50 mph and a low -throttle setting will generate less noise than a locomotive accelerating from a stop at full power. All freight trains have locomotives located at the front of the trains; some trains also have "helper' locomotives in the middle or at the end of the train. ■ Rail cars: The steel wheels of the rail cars rolling on the steels rails will generate noise that is directly related to speed: the higher the speed, the louder the noise. Rail cars with good condition wheels operating on smooth track are relatively quiet. However, there are often several "bad actor: vehicles on a long train that generate substantially higher noise and vibration levels. ■ Wheel squeal: Locomotives and rail cars operating on sharp radius curves will often generate wheel squeal. The amount of squeal can vary widely with one train generating little or no squeal and the next train generating substantial 20 squeal. Factors such as track lubrication, rail condition, and humidity can have a strong influence on the amount of wheel squeal. Yard movements: Switching in and around yards will generate additional impact noises as trains decelerate and accelerate. There will also be impact noise generated when rail cars are maneuvered into position and joined into a train. This noise source can reach a level of annoyance, but is not an important contributor to averaged noise levels overall. 3. Stationary Noise Because of the business -intensive nature of the City, noise generated by Industrial and commercial operations, maintenance, manufacturing, truck traffic (loading docks), and warehousing noise are pervasive throughout. Industrial processing, mechanical equipment, loading/unloading, pumping stations, and heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment are all examples of sources which can affect surrounding noise sensitive land uses. B. Ambient Noise Levels A noise survey was conducted in order to document the existing noise environment at the three parcels being considered for residential land uses. Locations were monitored using an ANSI Level 1 Larson -Davis LxTsound level meter. Three short-term (15-minute) representative measurements were conducted; their locations are shown on Figures 2 through 4. A 15-minute sample is considered a "snapshot" of the baseline noise environment at a given time; the sound level may vary depending on time, day or season. Noise meter output sheets are included as Appendix A. 1. Site 1— Housing Consideration The ambient noise level at the "site under consideration for housing" was 61.5 dBA Leq and reached a maximum of 73.2 dBA L,e„. This site is exposed to traffic noise from E 52nd Street, District. Boulevard, Cudahy Avenue, and Atlantic Boulevard. There is a rail transfer yard approximately 400 feet northwest of the site. Stationary noise from a union/event hall, an elementary school, and several retail shops is also present at the site. 2. Site 2 -Southeast Parcel (Housing Overlay District) The ambient noise level at the southeast parcel was 50.9 dBA Leq and reached a maximum of 66.7 dBA Lme„. This parcel is exposed to traffic noise from E 52nd Drive and District Boulevard. A rail spur also runs immediately adjacent to the parcel's northern boundary, and there is a transfer yard approximately 500 feet northeast. Stationary noise from an upholstery supply store as well as from several chemical product retailers is also present at the site. 21 3. Site 3 -Northwest Parcel (Emergency Shelter Overlay District) The ambient noise level at the northwest parcel was 69.5 dBA L,, and reached a maximum of 81.9 dBA L,",,. This parcel is exposed to traffic noise from Alameda Street, E 25th Street, and E 27th Street. The parcel is also adjacent to the Alameda Corridor, which runs 50 to 150 feet from the edge of the parcel and transitions from above- ground to a 33 foot deep trench. This 20 mile freight rail "expressway" connects the national rail system near downtown Los Angeles to the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, running parallel to Alameda Street. A rail spur also runs immediately adjacent to the parcel's northern boundary, and there is a transfer yard approximately 500 feet northeast. Stationary noise from food distribution, apparel manufacturing, and an auto body shop is also present at the site. 22 VII. Impact Analysis A. Future Noise Levels Future transportation noise levels as shown in the City of Vernon General Plan's noise contours were used to assess the noise/land use compatibility of the Proposed Project and to evaluate the Proposed Project in light of the applicable noise impact thresholds previously discussed. The Transportation Noise Contours provided in the City of Vernon General Plan show future transportation noise levels at the proposed project sites will range from 60 to 75 dBA CNEL. B. Consistency with Applicable Standards 1. Site I- Housing Consideration General Plan The City of Vernon considers multi -family residential uses to be "normally compatible" with outdoor noise levels up to 75 dBA CNEL. Future noise levels associated with road and rail segments adjacent to Site 1 (Housing Consideration) are not expected to exceed this standard. General Plan Action N-3 which implements provisions of the California Noise Insulation Standards (Title 24) specifies that indoor noise levels for multi -family residential living spaces shall not exceed 45 dBA CNEL. Since normal residential construction typically provides 15-20 dBA of exterior to interior noise reduction, additional architectural treatments to further reduce the transmission of noise should be incorporated into projects in noise environments that exceed 60 dBA CNEL. Site 1 will be exposed to exterior noise levels up to 70 dBA CNEL. Mitigation recommending exterior to interior noise reduction measures is presented in Section VIII of this report. Zoning Ordinance The City does not regulate noise generated by permitted industrial land uses. Land uses that are conditionally allowed and non -conforming land uses are subject to Noise thresholds presented in the City's Noise Standards for Conditional and Legal Non - Conforming Land Uses (see Table 5) found in the Zoning Ordinance. These standards are used to limit the noise levels of new noise generating land uses, and are. not generally used for the planning of residential uses. Though there are no City standards which prevent residential development at the proposed site, noise levels generated by existing industrial and commercial operations are generally considered to be inappropriate for residential land uses. 23 2. Site 2 - Southeast Parcel (Housing Overlay District) General Plan The City of Vernon considers multi -family residential uses to be "normally compatible" with outdoor noise levels up to 75 dBA CNEL. Future noise levels associated with road and rail segments adjacent to Site 2 (Housing Overlay District) are not expected to exceed this standard. General Plan Action N3 specifies that indoor noise levels for multi -family residential living spaces shall not exceed 45 dBA CNEL Site 2 will be exposed to exterior noise levels above 60 dBA CNEL, so additional architectural treatments to further reduce the transmission of noise should be incorporated into any building design. Mitigation recommending exterior to interior noise reduction measures is presented in Section VIII of this report. Zoning Ordinance The City does not regulate noise generated by permitted industrial land uses. Land uses that are conditionally allowed and non -conforming land uses are subject to Noise thresholds presented in the City's Noise Standards for Conditional and Legal Non - Conforming Land Uses (see Table 5) found in the Zoning Ordinance. These standards are used to limit the noise levels of new noise generating land uses, and are not generally used for the planning of residential uses. Though there are no City standards which prevent residential development at the proposed site, noise levels generated by existing industrial and commercial operations are generally considered to be inappropriate for residential land uses. 3. Site 3 - Northwest Parcel (Emergency Shelter Overlay District) General Plan The City of Vernon considers multi -family residential uses to be "normally compatible" with outdoor noise levels up to 75 dBA CNEL. Future noise levels associated with road and rail segments adjacent to Site 3 (Emergency Shelter Overlay District) are expected to exceed this standard. However, noise levels will only exceed 75 dBA at a small portion of the site. adjacent to the Alameda Corridor rail line. Measures that may reduce potential impacts to the proposed residential land uses to below 75 dBA CNEL are presented in Section VIII of this report. General Plan Action N-3 specifies that indoor noise levels for multi -family residential living spaces shall not exceed 45 dBA CNEL. Site 2 will be exposed to exterior noise levels above up to 75 dBA CNEL, so additional architectural treatments to further reduce the transmission of noise should be incorporated into any building design. Mitigation recommending exterior to interior noise reduction measures is presented in Section VIII of this report. 24 Zoning Ordinance The City does not regulate noise generated by permitted industrial land uses. Land uses that are conditionally allowed and non -conforming land uses are subject to Noise thresholds presented in the City's Noise Standards for Conditional and Legal Non - Conforming Land Uses (Table 5) found in the Zoning Ordinance. These standards are used to limit the noise levels of new noise generating land uses, and are not generally used for the planning of residential uses. Though there are no City standards which prevent residential development at the proposed site, noise levels generated by existing industrial and commercial operations are generally considered to be inappropriate for residential land uses. 25